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pisiform bone (''os pisiforme'')
The Triangular Bone (os triquetum; cuneiform bone) (Fig. 223).—The triangular bone may be distinguished by its pyramidal shape, and by an oval isolated facet for articulation with the pisiform bone. It is situated at the upper and ulnar side of the carpus. The superior surface presents a medial, rough, non-articular portion, and a lateral convex articular portion which articulates with the triangular articular disk of the wrist. The inferior surface, directed lateralward, is concave, sinuously curved, and smooth for articulation with the hamate. The dorsal surface is rough for the attachment of ligaments. The volar surface presents, on its medial part, an oval facet, for articulation with the pisiform; its lateral part is rough for ligamentous attachment. The lateral surface, the base of the pyramid, is marked by a flat, quadrilateral facet, for articulation with the lunate. The medial surface, the summit of the pyramid, is pointed and roughened, for the attachment of the ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist.   8
Articulations.—The triangular articulates with three bones: the lunate laterally, the pisiform in front, the hamate distally; and with the triangular articular disk which separates it from the lower end of the ulna.


'''parent article''' - [[wrist]] or [[carpus]]
The Triangular Bone (os triquetrum; cuneiform bone)


[[Image:Os_pisiforme.GIF|left|thumb|300px|pisiform]]
{{Image|triquetral.JPG|left|300px|triquetral}}


The '''pisiform bone (os pisiforme)''' can be distinguished by its small size, and having a single articular facet. It is pea-shaped and is situated anteriorly to the other  bones of the wrist. Its dorsal surface presents a smooth oval facet, for articulation with the triquetral bone. This facet approaches the superior, but not the inferior border of the bone. The palmar (volar) surface is rounded and rough, giving attachment to the transverse carpal ligament, and to the flexor carpi ulnaris and abductor digiti quinti. The lateral and medial surfaces are also rough, the former being concave, the latter usually convex.
{{Infobox Bone |
  Name          = Triquetral bone |
Articulation: the pisiform bone articulates only with one other bone, the triquetral.
  Latin        = os triquetrum, os pyramidale, os triangulare |
  GraySubject  = 54 |
  GrayPage      = 224 |
  Image        = Carpus.png |
  Caption      = '''BONES OF HAND'''<BR>''Proximal:'' A=[[Scaphoid bone|Scaphoid]], B=[[Lunate bone|Lunate]], C=[[Triquetral bone|Triquetral]], D=[[Pisiform bone|Pisiform]]<BR>''Distal:'' E=[[Trapezium bone|Trapezium]], F=[[Trapezoid bone|Trapezoid]], G=[[Capitate bone|Capitate]], H=[[Hamate bone|Hamate]]<BR> |
  Image2        = Gray223.png |
  Caption2      = The left triquetal bone. |
  Origins      = |
  Insertions    = |
  Articulations = articulates with ''three'' bones:<BR>[[lunate]] laterally<BR>[[pisiform]] in front<BR>[[hamate]] distally<BR>triangular [[articular disk]] which separates it from the lower end of the [[ulna]]. |
  MeshName      = Triquetrum+Bone |
  MeshNumber    = A02.835.232.087.319.150.831 |
  DorlandsPre  = o_07 |
  DorlandsSuf  = 12598819  |
}}
The '''triquetral bone''' (also called '''triquetrum bone''', '''cuneiform bone''', '''pyramidal bone''', '''cubital bone''', '''three-cornered bone''', and '''triangular bone''') is located in the [[wrist]] on the medial side of the proximal row of the [[carpus]] between the [[lunate]] and [[pisiform]] bones. It is on the [[ulnar]] side of the hand, but does not articulate with the [[ulna]]. It connects with the [[pisiform]], [[hamate]], and [[lunate]] bones. It is the 3rd most commonly fractured carpal bone.


The triangular bone may be distinguished by its pyramidal shape, and by an oval isolated facet for articulation with the pisiform bone. It is situated at the upper and ulnar side of the carpus. To facilitate its palpation in an exam, the hand must be radially deviated so that the triquetrium moves out from under the ulnar styloid process. The triquetrum may be difficult to find, since it also lies under the pisiform.


The etymology derives from the Latin ''triquetrus'' which means "three-cornered."


==Etymology==
==Surfaces==
The ''superior surface'' presents a medial, rough, non-articular portion, and a lateral convex articular portion which articulates with the triangular articular disk of the wrist.


The pisiform bone, Latin ''os pisiforme'', has also been sometimes referred to as the lentiform bone. The word pisiform comes from the Latin ''pīsum'' meaning "pea", while the word lentiform comes form the word lentil.
The ''inferior surface'', directed lateralward, is concave, sinuously curved, and smooth for articulation with the hamate. The dorsal surface is rough for the attachment of ligaments.  


==Function==
The ''volar surface'' presents, on its medial part, an oval facet, for articulation with the pisiform; its lateral part is rough for ligamentous attachment.


The pisiform bone is usually classified as a [[sesamoid]] bone, although it is atypical in having a facet for articulation with another bone and not being wholly embedded within just one tendon. Sesamoid bones are typically found in places where a tendon passes over a joint, like in the hand, the knee, or the foot. They act to protect the tendon and to increase its mechanical effect. The sesamoid bone acts to hold the tendon a bit further away from the middle of the joint, which increases its leverage. Sesamoid bones also prevent a tendon from flattening against the joint under tension and hence maintain a more consistent leverage throughout the range of possible loads.
The ''lateral surface'', the base of the pyramid, is marked by a flat, quadrilateral facet, for articulation with the lunate.  
The pisiform bone may provide mechanical stability to the ulnar column of the wrist by preventing triquetral subluxation. So one might assume that surgical excision of the pisiform would cause loss of function to the wrist. However, patients, who have undergone pisiformectomy for pisotriquetral joint dysfunction, experience no significant differences in grip strength, wrist movement, static strength or dynamic power in the long run. Around 75% of patients experience complete relief of symptoms, while the rest continue to have mild discomfort.


==Syndromes==
The ''medial surface'', the summit of the pyramid, is pointed and roughened, for the attachment of the ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist.
'''Racquet player's pisiform:'''


This is an injury to the wrist involving a chondromalacia (literally "soft cartilage"), or roughening of the articular cartilage, between the pisiform and triquetral bones (the piso-triquetral joint). It is thought to be due to repeated torsional stresses on the piso-triquetral joint by sharp and powerful supination-pronation movements performed by racquet players, especially squash and badminton players; and sometimes golfers, who use a lot of wrist action. Tennis players are less prone as they tend to make strokes using the shoulder.
== See also ==
*[[Bone#Terminology|Bone terminology]]
*[[Terms for anatomical location]]


==Additional images==
<gallery>
Image:Gray219.png|Bones of the left hand. Volar surface.
Image:Gray220.png|Bones of the left hand. Dorsal surface.
</gallery>


{{Bones of upper extremity}}


[[Category:Skeletal system]]
[[Category:wrist]]


Volar: Pertaining to both the palm and sole. It comes from word "vola" which the ancient Romans used for "the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot."


cf palmar (palm side of hand)and plantar (sole of foot)
{{musculoskeletal-stub}}


The Triangular Bone (os triquetrum; cuneiform bone)
[[fr:Os triquetrum]]
 
[[nl:Os triquetrum]]
lentiform bone
[[sk:Trojhranná kosť]]
The etymology derives from the Latin pīsum which means "pea."




By comparison, the term "palm" applies to only the palm (the grasping side) of the hand. The Romans actually used the word "palma" for the outstretched palm of the hand.  
By comparison, the term "palm" applies to only the palm (the grasping side) of the hand. The Romans actually used the word "palma" for the outstretched palm of the hand.  
In anatomy, a sesamoid bone is a bone embedded within a tendon.
Sesamoid bones are typically found in locations where a tendon passes over a joint, such as the hand, knee, and foot. Functionally, they act to protect the tendon and to increase its mechanical effect. The presence of the sesamoid bone holds the tendon slightly further away from the center of the joint and thus increases its moment arm. The sesamoid prevents the tendon from flattening into the joint as the tendon tension increases and therefore also maintains a more consistent moment arm through a variety of possible tendon loads.


==Topics in Anatomy==
==Topics in Anatomy==

Latest revision as of 02:43, 22 November 2023


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Template:Systemic

The Triangular Bone (os triquetum; cuneiform bone) (Fig. 223).—The triangular bone may be distinguished by its pyramidal shape, and by an oval isolated facet for articulation with the pisiform bone. It is situated at the upper and ulnar side of the carpus. The superior surface presents a medial, rough, non-articular portion, and a lateral convex articular portion which articulates with the triangular articular disk of the wrist. The inferior surface, directed lateralward, is concave, sinuously curved, and smooth for articulation with the hamate. The dorsal surface is rough for the attachment of ligaments. The volar surface presents, on its medial part, an oval facet, for articulation with the pisiform; its lateral part is rough for ligamentous attachment. The lateral surface, the base of the pyramid, is marked by a flat, quadrilateral facet, for articulation with the lunate. The medial surface, the summit of the pyramid, is pointed and roughened, for the attachment of the ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist. 8

Articulations.—The triangular articulates with three bones: the lunate laterally, the pisiform in front, the hamate distally; and with the triangular articular disk which separates it from the lower end of the ulna.

The Triangular Bone (os triquetrum; cuneiform bone)

triquetral

Template:Infobox Bone The triquetral bone (also called triquetrum bone, cuneiform bone, pyramidal bone, cubital bone, three-cornered bone, and triangular bone) is located in the wrist on the medial side of the proximal row of the carpus between the lunate and pisiform bones. It is on the ulnar side of the hand, but does not articulate with the ulna. It connects with the pisiform, hamate, and lunate bones. It is the 3rd most commonly fractured carpal bone.

The triangular bone may be distinguished by its pyramidal shape, and by an oval isolated facet for articulation with the pisiform bone. It is situated at the upper and ulnar side of the carpus. To facilitate its palpation in an exam, the hand must be radially deviated so that the triquetrium moves out from under the ulnar styloid process. The triquetrum may be difficult to find, since it also lies under the pisiform.

The etymology derives from the Latin triquetrus which means "three-cornered."

Surfaces

The superior surface presents a medial, rough, non-articular portion, and a lateral convex articular portion which articulates with the triangular articular disk of the wrist.

The inferior surface, directed lateralward, is concave, sinuously curved, and smooth for articulation with the hamate. The dorsal surface is rough for the attachment of ligaments.

The volar surface presents, on its medial part, an oval facet, for articulation with the pisiform; its lateral part is rough for ligamentous attachment.

The lateral surface, the base of the pyramid, is marked by a flat, quadrilateral facet, for articulation with the lunate.

The medial surface, the summit of the pyramid, is pointed and roughened, for the attachment of the ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist.

See also

Additional images

  • Bones of the left hand. Volar surface.

    Bones of the left hand. Volar surface.

  • Bones of the left hand. Dorsal surface.

    Bones of the left hand. Dorsal surface.

Template:Bones of upper extremity


Template:Musculoskeletal-stub

fr:Os triquetrum nl:Os triquetrum sk:Trojhranná kosť


By comparison, the term "palm" applies to only the palm (the grasping side) of the hand. The Romans actually used the word "palma" for the outstretched palm of the hand.

Topics in Anatomy

SYSTEMIC ANATOMY Introduction and Systemic Overview

  • Anatomical Nomenclature
  • Basic Structure and Function of Cells
  • Integrating Cells into Tissues

Systemic Overview

  • Nervous System
  • Blood, Lymphoid Tissues and Haemopoiesis
  • Functional Anatomy of the Musculoskeletal System
  • Smooth Muscle and the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic systems
  • Skin and its Appendages
  • Endocrine System
  • Principles of Hormone Production and Secretion
  • Embryology
    • Embryogenesis
    • Prenatal and Neonatal Growth

Integumentary System

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System

Endocrine System

Cardiovascular System (Circulatory System)

Lymphatic System

Immune System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Reproductive System

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