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=== '''Help Write Articles about our World''' ===


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Welcome to '''Citizendium''', a wiki for providing free knowledge where authors use their '''real names'''.  We regard information as a public good and welcome anyone who wants to share their knowledge on virtually any subject.  Our online community prides itself on being congenial and supportive.  Read more about <big>'''[[CZ:About|who we are]]'''</big>.


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===Welcome!===
<blockquote>
We are an encyclopedia project, and more.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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=== Some of our finest <font size=1>[ [[CZ:Approval Process|about]] ]</font> ===
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=== Draft of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:Article of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
[[Image:Bowling_lane.jpg|right|200px]]
'''[[Bowling]]''' is an indoor sport in which a player rolls a large, heavy ball down a polished wooden lane to hit a cluster of pins in order to achieve the maximum amount of pin-falls. Although an individual person can play a game, most bowlers compete against other players as each of them tries to attain the highest number of pin-falls for that particular game.


Most bowling alleys today have not changed much since their initial construction many years ago, except for mechanical and computer system upgrades.  Unless the alley has undergone serious renovation it is not unusual to see the original tables, chairs, fixtures, walls, and ceiling tiles. There are, however, a few very modern, "upscale" bowling alley establishments such as [http://www.bowlluckystrike.com/ Lucky Strike Lanes] where "proper" [[Bowling#Attire|attire]] and behaviors are expected. <font size=1>[[Bowling|['''more...''']]]</font>


=== New Draft of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:New Draft of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
 
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|no1= +3
<h4 style="margin:0 0 0.75em; padding:0;"> '''Article counts''' </h4>
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<p style="line-height:21px; padding-left:20px;">
|no3= 0
[[:Category:Citable versions of articles|Citable Articles]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Citable versions of articles}}''')</font><br />
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[[:Category:Developed Articles|Developed Articles]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Developed Articles}}''')</font><br />
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[[:Category:Developing Articles|Developing Articles]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Developing Articles}}''')</font><br />
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[[:Category:Stub Articles|Stubs]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Stub Articles}}''')</font><br />
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'''[[Phosphorus]]''' is a chemical [[element]] with the [[atomic number]] Z = 15. Unlike other elements in group VA of the [[periodic table]], phosphorus is never found as a pure element in nature, but only in combination with other elements. It is present in all living organisms 
{{CZ:Quote}}
in the form of [[organophosphate]]s and as calcium phosphates such as [[hydroxyapatite]] (Ca<sub>10</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>) and [[fluoroapatite]] (Ca<sub>10</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub>F<sub>2</sub>), substances found in teeth and bones. Many cell signaling cascades in living organisms operate by a series of phosphorylation events in which a phosphate group (PO<sub>4</sub>)<sup>2&minus;</sup> is either added to a protein by a [[kinase]] or removed from a protein by a [[phosphorylase]]<font size=1>[[Phosphorus|['''more...''']]]</font>
<br>
 
{{-}}
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<h3 style="margin-top:0; padding-top:0.6em; border-top:1px dotted #e0e0e0;">
<big>[[CZ:Featured article|Featured Article]]: ''[[{{FeaturedArticleTitle}}]]''</big>  
</h3>
{{CZ:Featured article/Current}}
|}
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<div style='text-align: right;'><small>''[[{{FeaturedArticleTitle}}|Continued]]...''</small></div>

Revision as of 19:28, 18 February 2024

Help Write Articles about our World

Welcome to Citizendium, a wiki for providing free knowledge where authors use their real names. We regard information as a public good and welcome anyone who wants to share their knowledge on virtually any subject. Our online community prides itself on being congenial and supportive. Read more about who we are.


See Recent Changes—an overview of articles being worked on now.

Become a member--it's free!

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Why save Citizendium? My reason number 1.





















Article counts

Citable Articles (146)
Developed Articles (1,129)
Developing Articles (7,403)
Stubs (7,676)
(16,484 total articles)

Study the past if you would divine the future.
Confucius

       —add a quotation about knowledge or writing

Featured Article: Nuclear power reconsidered

After decades of failure to slow the rising global consumption of coal, oil and gas,[1] many countries have proceeded as of 2024 to reconsider nuclear power in order to lower the demand for fossil fuels.[2] Wind and solar power alone, without large-scale storage for these intermittent sources, are unlikely to meet the world's needs for reliable energy.[3][4][5] See Figures 1 and 2 on the magnitude of the world energy challenge.

Nuclear power plants that use nuclear reactors to create electricity could provide the abundant, zero-carbon, dispatchable[6] energy needed for a low-carbon future, but not by simply building more of what we already have. New innovative designs for nuclear reactors are needed to avoid the problems of the past.

(CC) Image: Geoff Russell
Fig.1 Electricity consumption may soon double, mostly from coal-fired power plants in the developing world.[7]

Issues Confronting the Nuclear Industry

New reactor designers have sought to address issues that have prevented the acceptance of nuclear power, including safety, waste management, weapons proliferation, and cost. This article will summarize the questions that have been raised and the criteria that have been established for evaluating these designs. Answers to these questions will be provided by the designers of these reactors in the articles on their designs. Further debate will be provided in the Discussion and the Debate Guide pages of those articles.

Footnotes

  1. Global Energy Growth by Our World In Data
  2. Countries, organizations, and public figures that have reconsidered their stance on nuclear power are listed on the External Links tab of this article.
  3. Pumped storage is currently the most economical way to store electricity, but it requires a large reservoir on a nearby hill or in an abandoned mine. Li-ion battery systems at $500 per KWh are not practical for utility-scale storage. See Energy Storage for a summary of other alternatives.
  4. Utilities that include wind and solar power in their grid must have non-intermittent generating capacity (typically fossil fuels) to handle maximum demand for several days. They can save on fuel, but the cost of the plant is the same with or without intermittent sources.
  5. Mark Jacobson believes that long-distance transmission lines can provide an alternative to costly storage. See the bibliography for more on this proposal and the critique by Christopher Clack.
  6. "Load following" is the term used by utilities, and is important when there is a lot of wind and solar on the grid. Some reactors are not able to do this.
  7. Fig.1.3 in Devanney "Why Nuclear Power has been a Flop"