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| | '''Dokdo''' is a group of volcanic islets in the Sea of Japan, occupied by South Korea and claimed by Japan. The ecology consists of a moderate maritime climate with a diverse marine life, a large presence of birds, and some vegetation. For more information, see [[Dokdo (Takeshima)/Debate Guide|the Debate Guide]] and [[Dokdo (Takeshima)/Gallery|the Gallery]]. |
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| '''Dokdo''' is a small group of volcanic rocks located in the Sea of Japan. South Korea administers the islets as an area of the Ulleung County, Northern Gyeongsang Province. The 56-acre (226600 m<sup>2</sup>) formation consists of two main islands that house a lighthouse, a helicopter pad, and a small police force. Because the rocks shelter various species of birds, plants, and insects, the South Korean government has designated the islets as a nature reserve and enforces measures to protect the islets from the visiting tourists. The sovereignty over Dokdo has been contested by Japan over historical and legal grounds. The dispute between the two countries has been one of the more serious quarrels between South Korea and its former colonial ruler. In Japanese, the islands were called '''Takeshima''' (竹島) since at least 1905, and it means "bamboo island". The Korean name has many different transliterations in English, including "Tok-do", "Dok-to", and "Tok Islets" (<span style="font-family: Batang, Serif">독도</span>), which equate to "rocky island". The islets possess two English titles: '''Liancourt Rocks''' and '''Hornet Rocks'''. "Liancourt" has its origin in the name of the French whaling ship that first encountered and charted the islets in 1849.
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| == Geography ==
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| Dokdo formed in the Sea of Japan as a part of an underwater volcano that erupted continuously<ref name="cenozoic">{{cite web
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| | title = Geographical and Geological Features of Dokdo
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| | publisher = Truth of Dokdo
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| | url = http://www.truthofdokdo.or.kr/eng/html/story_geography1.html
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| | accessdate = 2007-09-03 }}</ref> from 4.6 to 2.5 million years ago.<ref name="nat">[http://atlas.ngii.go.kr/english/explanation/natural_1_7.jsp Volcanic Landforms], The National Atlas of Korea, retreived 2008-05-10</ref> The Dokdo volcano stands 2 km high on its base with a diameter of 20 ~ 25 km and rises to a guyot<ref name-"adsabs">[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.V43D1644K A study on the geophysical characteristics of the summit of the Dokdo volcano in the East Sea (Japan Sea)]</ref>summit that is 10 km wide.<ref name="click">[http://www.clickkorea.org/Dokdo/02.htm History and Culture of Dokdo Islands, Geographical understanding]</ref> Dokdo is considered the oldest existing island in Korea ([[Awaji Island]] is the oldest in Japan)<ref name="oldestjapan">{{cite conference
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| | title = 2003 iEARN Conference News
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| | location = Yumebutai Awaji International Conference site
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| | url = http://www.jearn.jp/2003conference/news/0721.html
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| | accessdate = 2007-09-03 }}</ref>; the second oldest island in Korea is Ulleungdo,<ref name="SNU">{{cite web
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| | title = The Territorial Sovereignty over Dokdo Islets(Liancourt Rocks) and the Cairo Declaration in 1943
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| | publisher = Seoul National University
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| | url = http://plaza.snu.ac.kr/~bigbear1/m3-2-a1.htm
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| | accessdate = 2007-09-03 }}</ref> which formed 2 million years after Dokdo from the same hotspot.<ref name="cenozoic"/> Due to sedimentation, the 2 islands (''Seodo'' and ''Dongdo'' in Korean, ''Nishi-jima'' and ''Higashi-jima'' in Japanese; both literally meaning ''western island'' 西島 and ''eastern island'' 東島, respectively)<ref name="EastWest">{{cite web
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| | title = Special Report: Tokdo-Takeshima Dispute
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| | publisher = Pride of Korea - Dokdo
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| | date = 2001-07-06
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| | url = http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&ct=res&cd=2&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourdokdo.com%2Freport%2Fdokdo.doc&ei=V3_bRv-7EKXAggSbzInkCQ&usg=AFQjCNHM_57PahcL5TDUy-KdkJf_I06ciQ&sig2=Q4dexuV6Icvowqqp20g3gA
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| | accessdate = 2007-09-02 }}</ref> that make up most of the island cluster above water split 2 million years ago,<ref name="cenozoic"/> and are now positioned 151 meters apart from each other.<ref name="net">Korea.net (1999–2006). [http://www.korea.net/News/Issues/issueDetailView.asp?board_no=5727 Dokdo: A Profile]. Retrieved [[9 January]], 2006.</ref> 78 smaller rocks and reefs scatter around the two main islands within a radius of a few kilometers,<ref name="travel">[http://www.korea.net/News/issues/issueDetailView.asp?board_no=12364 Travel Information], Korea.net</ref> and more than 30 of such geographical features have been named by the South Korean government ministries.<ref name="name">[http://www.dynamickorea.go.kr/news/issues/issueDetailView.asp?board_no=15428&menu_code=A Ten reefs around Dokdo to receive names], Korea.net</ref> The western islet with a peak height of 168.5 m(554 ft) is the tallest rock in the cluster.<ref name="ngii">
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| {{cite web
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| | title = Dokdo of Korea
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| | publisher = National Geographic Information Institute
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| | url = http://www.ngii.go.kr/jsp/ngii_eng/html/main/data/data_02.html
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| The western islet consists of a single peak and features many caves along the coastline. The cliffs of the eastern islet are about 10 to 20 meters high. There are two caves giving access to the sea, as well as a crater.<ref name="t1" /><ref name="tru">Truth of Dokdo. [http://www.truthofdokdo.or.kr/eng/html/story_main.html Story of Dokdo]. Retrieved [[9 January]], 2006.</ref>
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| The islets are 217 km (135 mi) from mainland Korea and 250 km (150 mi) from mainland Japan.<ref name="net"/> The nearest Korean territory ([[Ulleung-do]]) is 87 km away (54 mi) and can be visible on fair days (for about 50 days per year<ref name="50">[http://www.dokdocorea.com/news-view.htm?p=2&n=5 Dokdo is a Korean Island], Dokdocorea.com</ref>);<ref>DKB News. [http://www.dkbnews.com/bbs/data/dica/1110987941/ul1.jpg UL1.jpg]. Retrieved [[9 January]], 2006.</ref><ref name="net"/> the nearest Japanese territory ([[Oki Islands]]) is 157 km (98 mi) away.<ref name="cyb" />
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| The total area of the islets is about 187,450 square meters (2,017,695 sq ft), with their highest point at 168.5 meters (554 ft) in the western islet. The western islet is about 88,640 square meters in area; the eastern islet about 73,300 square meters.<ref name="cyb" />
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| In 2006, Professor Son Yung-gwan claimed that the islets would sink in 2 million years..<ref>[http://news.hankooki.com/lpage/society/200612/h2006120116153621950.htm "독도, 일본보다 빠른 속도로 침몰하고 있다"], [[The Korea Times]], 2006/12/01. [http://article.joins.com/article/article.asp?total_id=2524386 손영관교수 `독도ㆍ울릉도 `침몰하고 있다``], [[JoongAng Ilbo]], 2006/12/01.</ref>
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| ==Notes==
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