English spellings/Catalogs/C: Difference between revisions
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'''C''' = '''sêe''' ''look'' | '''C''' = '''sêe''' ''look'' | ||
'''c.''' = | '''c.''' = '''cïrca''' *sürka has become a journalistic vogue word, but is not normally spelt out in serious usage, being a space-saver, especially before dates, substituting for a word such as '''aròund''' ('''c. 1950'''), while the longer version "ca." is widely regarded as incorrect | ||
'''cabál''', '''cabàl | '''cabál''', '''cabàl | ||
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'''cáffêine''' | '''cáffêine''' | ||
'''câiman''' ''crocodile'' = '''Câyman''' ''Islands'' | |||
'''cãirn | '''cãirn | ||
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'''Cálâis''' *Cállay | '''Cálâis''' *Cállay | ||
'''Calcútta''' ''old spelling'' = '''Kolkàta''' ''new'' | '''Calcútta''' ''old spelling'' = '''Kolkàta''' ''new'': *Cål-cútta is normally pronounced Cál-, e.g. as in '''Calcútta Cúp'''; the effect of the new spelling has been to change the pronunciation to from Cál- to Cól- | ||
'''Caledônia | '''Caledônia | ||
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'''cán''' ''able, tin'' = '''Cánnes''' ''France | '''cán''' ''able, tin'' = '''Cánnes''' ''France | ||
'''cán nót''': see '''cánnót | '''cán nót ônly''': see '''cánnót | ||
'''Cânaan''' *Câynən, '''aa''' as schwa | '''Cânaan''' *Câynən, '''aa''' as schwa | ||
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'''cándidate''' BrE -ət, AmE -'''âte''' (unsurprisingly, the AmE version is common among British broadcasters) | '''cándidate''' BrE -ət, AmE -'''âte''' (unsurprisingly, the AmE version is common among British broadcasters) | ||
'''câne''' ''stick, sugar'' = '''Câin''' ''Abel'' = ''' | '''câne''' ''stick, sugar'' = '''Câne''' = '''Câin''' ''Abel'' = '''Kâne''' ''Citizen'' = '''Kâine''' ''Tim'' | ||
'''cânîne''' | '''cânîne''' | ||
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'''cánnon''' = '''cánon | '''cánnon''' = '''cánon | ||
'''cannót'''; or '''cánnót''' for emphasis, but always one word when (as it | '''cannót'''; or '''cánnót''' for emphasis, but always one word when (as it usually is) '''nót''' is modifying '''cán''', cf. '''ít cán nót ônly…but ålsô…'''; cf. contracted form '''cān't | ||
'''canoe''' -noô | '''canoe''' -noô | ||
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'''câpable | '''câpable | ||
'''Câpe Tòwn''', two words, first stressed as if it were one, *Câpetown | '''Câpe Tòwn''', two words, but the first is stressed as if it were one, *Câpetown | ||
'''Câpe Vërde''', '''Câpe Vërdê | '''Câpe Vërde''', '''Câpe Vërdê | ||
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'''capíllary''' BrE; AmE '''cápillãry | '''capíllary''' BrE; AmE '''cápillãry | ||
'''cápital''' ''city'' = '''cápitol''' ''legislature'' = '''Cápitol''' ''Washington'', ''Records | '''cápital''' ''city'', ''letter'' = '''cápitol''' ''legislature'' = '''Cápitol''' ''Washington'', ''Records | ||
'''capítulate | '''capítulate | ||
'''cappuccìno''' -chêeno | '''cappuccìno''' -chêeno | ||
'''capsîze''' | |||
'''cáptain''' -ptin | '''cáptain''' -ptin | ||
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'''cárapâce | '''cárapâce | ||
'''cárat''' ''gold'' = '''cárrot''' ''food'' | '''cárat''' ''gold'' = '''cárrot''' ''food'' = '''cáret''' ''insert'' = '''kárat''' ''gold'' | ||
'''càrbon dióxîde | '''càrbon dióxîde | ||
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'''Cáríbbêan''' *Cárri-bêeən is the usual pronunciation outside the area, where some say *Cəríbbêən, and '''Rŏyal Caríbbean''' is normal | '''Cáríbbêan''' *Cárri-bêeən is the usual pronunciation outside the area, where some say *Cəríbbêən, and '''Rŏyal Caríbbean''' is normal | ||
'''cáricature''' cf. '''cháracter''', both k- | '''cáricature''', AmE also '''carícature''', cf. '''cháracter''', both k- | ||
'''cãries | '''cãries | ||
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'''Carnègiê''', hard '''g''' (the family pronunciation, though one often hears it echoing the stress pattern of '''Càrnaby''': '''Càrnegie'''; also '''Carnêgie''') | '''Carnègiê''', hard '''g''' (the family pronunciation, though one often hears it echoing the stress pattern of '''Càrnaby''': '''Càrnegie'''; also '''Carnêgie''') | ||
'''Càrnfŏrth''' | |||
'''càrnivore | '''càrnivore | ||
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'''cárrom''' or '''cárom | '''cárrom''' or '''cárom | ||
'''cárrot''' ''vegetable'' = '''cárat''' ''gold'' = '''cáret''' ''mark'' | |||
'''cárry''' ''bring'' = '''Cárrie''' ''person'' | '''cárry''' ''bring'' = '''Cárrie''' ''person'' | ||
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'''cáshmêre''' ''wool'' = '''Kashmìr''' ''Asia'' | '''cáshmêre''' ''wool'' = '''Kashmìr''' ''Asia'' | ||
'''casìno''' makes a minimal pair with '''Cassìnì''' | |||
'''cassàva | '''cassàva | ||
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[[Cate Blanchett|'''Câte''' ''Blanchett'']]; but '''Kâte''' is the usual spelling of this abbreviation of '''Cátherine''', '''Kátharine''' etc. | [[Cate Blanchett|'''Câte''' ''Blanchett'']]; but '''Kâte''' is the usual spelling of this abbreviation of '''Cátherine''', '''Kátharine''' etc. | ||
'''categórical | |||
'''cátegory | '''cátegory | ||
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'''Cátheríne''' is the most common spelling; also '''K'''-, -'''thar'''- | '''Cátheríne''' is the most common spelling; also '''K'''-, -'''thar'''- | ||
'''cátholic''' = '''Cátholic''' -k | |||
'''Cathólicism''' -sism | |||
'''cáttle''' ''cows'' cf. '''kéttle''' ''boil'' ([[minimal pair]]) | '''cáttle''' ''cows'' cf. '''kéttle''' ''boil'' ([[minimal pair]]) | ||
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'''Cávendish''' | '''Cávendish''' | ||
'''Câyman Islands | '''Câyman''' ''Islands'' = '''câiman''' ''crocodile'' | ||
'''ce'''- mostly s- | '''ce'''- mostly s- | ||
'''cêase''' ''stop'' *sêess, | '''cêase''' ''stop'' *sêess, [[minimal pair]] with '''sêize''' ''hold | ||
'''cêased''' rhymes and makes a minimal pair with '''êast | '''cêased''' rhymes and makes a minimal pair with '''êast | ||
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'''cént''' ''money'' = '''sént''' ''send'' = '''scént''' ''perfume | '''cént''' ''money'' = '''sént''' ''send'' = '''scént''' ''perfume | ||
'''centênary''' | |||
'''céntral''' s- | '''céntral''' s- | ||
'''céntre''' s- BrE, AmE '''cénter | '''céntre''' s- BrE, AmE '''cénter'''; past: BrE '''céntred''' = AmE '''céntered''' | ||
'''céntre-léft''', '''céntre-rîght''' ''politics'', [[hyphen]] | '''céntre-léft''', '''céntre-rîght''' ''politics'', [[hyphen]] | ||
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'''chádŏr | '''chádŏr | ||
'''Châffetz''' ''Jason'' | |||
'''cháffinch''' | |||
'''chágrín''' sh- BrE; AmE *shəgrêen | |||
'''chãir''' ''sit'' makes a [[minimal pair]] with '''shãre''' ''divide'' and '''Chér''' ''person'' | '''chãir''' ''sit'' makes a [[minimal pair]] with '''shãre''' ''divide'' and '''Chér''' ''person'' | ||
'''chaise lóngue''' *shézz-lóng | '''chaise lóngue''' *shézz-lóng | ||
'''chamaêleon''' k-; AmE -'''mêl'''- = '''[[Chamaeleon|Chamaêleon]]''' ''constellation'', cf. '''camêlia''', where -'''n''' is the only extra sound (a [[minimal pair]]) | '''chamaêleon''' k-; AmE -'''mêl'''- = '''[[Chamaeleon|Chamaêleon]]''' ''constellation'', cf. '''camêlia''', where -'''n''' is the only extra sound (a [[minimal pair]]) | ||
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'''Cháppaquíddick''' | '''Cháppaquíddick''' | ||
'''Cháppell''' = '''chápel'''; also *Shapél | |||
'''chárabanc''' *shárabang, cf. '''shebáng | '''chárabanc''' *shárabang, cf. '''shebáng | ||
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'''chàrlatan''' sh- | '''chàrlatan''' sh- | ||
'''Chàrleston''' ''dance, city'' *Chàrlston | |||
'''Chàrlotte''' Sh- | '''Chàrlotte''' Sh- | ||
'''Chàrlton | |||
'''Cháron''' = '''Sháron'''; or *Kãrən | '''Cháron''' = '''Sháron'''; or *Kãrən | ||
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'''chéckered | '''chéckered | ||
'''chéckers''' = '''Chéquers | '''chéckers''' ''game'' = '''Chéquers''' ''house'' (AmE '''chéckers''' is BrE '''dràughts''' [= '''dràfts''']; AmE '''Chînese chéckers''' is BrE '''Chînese chéquers''') | ||
'''chéckpoint''' one word | '''chéckpoint''' one word | ||
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'''Chílê''' ''country'' = '''chílly''' ''cold'' = '''chílì''', (mostly BrE) '''chíllì''' ''bean'' | '''Chílê''' ''country'' = '''chílly''' ''cold'' = '''chílì''', (mostly BrE) '''chíllì''' ''bean'' | ||
'''Chílêan''' *Chíllìan, rhyming with '''Gíllìan''' ( | '''Chílêan''' *Chíllìan, rhyming with '''Gíllìan'''; also *Chilèan (*Chilâyan), cf. Spanish '''''Chileno''''' (m.), '''''Chilena''''' (f.), where the '''''e''''' is the stressed vowel | ||
'''chimêra''' kî- | '''chimêra''' kî- | ||
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'''choôse''' ''select'' = '''cheŵs''' ''masticates | '''choôse''' ''select'' = '''cheŵs''' ''masticates | ||
'''Chópin''' is usually pronounced like '''shóp''' plus a nasalised '''á'''; some say "Shôwpán" but this is not recommended | |||
'''chŏral''' ''chorus'' k-, cf. '''córal''' ''reef'' | '''chŏral''' ''chorus'' k-, cf. '''córal''' ''reef'' | ||
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'''chŏrus''' k- | '''chŏrus''' k- | ||
'''choúgh''' ''bird'' *chúff, cf. '''chúffed''' ''pleased'' | |||
'''chòw''' ''dog, food'' = '''ciàô''' ''goodbye | '''chòw''' ''dog, food'' = '''ciàô''' ''goodbye | ||
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'''Christiáne''' *Kristi-ánn | '''Christiáne''' *Kristi-ánn | ||
'''Christìne''', though the stress can shift to '''Chrístine''', Kr- | |||
'''Chrístmas''' *Kríssməss | '''Chrístmas''' *Kríssməss | ||
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'''chthônian''', '''chthónic''', kth-, th- | '''chthônian''', '''chthónic''', kth-, th- | ||
'''chúffed''' *chúft | |||
'''chürch | '''chürch | ||
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'''cïr'''- | '''cïr'''- | ||
'''cïrca''', traditionally abbreviated to '''c.''' (though not "ca.", q.v.), has become a (vogue?) word in its own right | |||
'''cïrcle | '''cïrcle | ||
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'''clámpdown''' ''noun'' one word | '''clámpdown''' ''noun'' one word | ||
'''clán''' = '''Klán''' ''Ku Klux | |||
'''clándestîne'''; some say '''clandéstíne | '''clándestîne'''; some say '''clandéstíne | ||
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'''clíck''' ''sound'', cf. '''clìque''' ''gang'', see below | '''clíck''' ''sound'', cf. '''clìque''' ''gang'', see below | ||
'''clíckbâit''' | |||
'''clîmb''' ''up'' = '''clîme''' ''weather | '''clîmb''' ''up'' = '''clîme''' ''weather | ||
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'''clóckwörk''' one word | '''clóckwörk''' one word | ||
'''clôse''' ''shut'' = '''clôze''' ''test''; '''clôse''' ''near, cul-de-sac'' *clôce | '''clôse''' ''shut'' = '''clôze''' ''test''; '''clôse''' ''near, cul-de-sac'' *clôce = '''Clôse''': '''Ms. Clôse's''' (-siz) '''còmpany was clôse''' (s) '''to bánkruptcy and hád to clôse''' (z) '''môst of íts óffices''' | ||
'''clôser''' ''more'' -ss-, '''clôser''' ''end'' -z- | '''clôser''' ''more'' -ss-, '''clôser''' ''end'' -z- | ||
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'''[[coleslaw|côleslaw]]''' is probably more common nowadays than '''côle slåw | '''[[coleslaw|côleslaw]]''' is probably more common nowadays than '''côle slåw | ||
'''Cólin''', cf. '''Cóllins | '''Cólin''', cf. '''Cóllins'''; '''[[Colin Powell|Côlin Pòwell]]''' is an exception | ||
'''colláborate | '''colláborate | ||
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'''cóllar''', cf. '''chólera''' *cóllara | '''cóllar''', cf. '''chólera''' *cóllara | ||
'''cólleague''' *cólêeg | |||
'''colléctable''' BrE, AmE '''colléctible | '''colléctable''' BrE, AmE '''colléctible | ||
'''cóllege''' *cóllij | |||
'''cóllier''' ''coal'' = '''Cóllier''', '''Cólyer''' | '''cóllier''' ''coal'' = '''Cóllier''', '''Cólyer''' | ||
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'''cómbine-hàrvester | '''cómbine-hàrvester | ||
'''còme''' | |||
'''còmeback''' ''noun, adjective'' one word | '''còmeback''' ''noun, adjective'' one word | ||
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'''commûne''' ''verb | '''commûne''' ''verb | ||
'''commûniquè''' -nikây | |||
'''cómmunism | '''cómmunism | ||
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'''compàrtment | '''compàrtment | ||
'''còmpass''' | |||
'''còmpasses''' | |||
'''compássion | '''compássion | ||
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'''complîant''' ''comply'' | '''complîant''' ''comply'' | ||
'''complícit | |||
'''cómpóst | '''cómpóst | ||
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'''cône''' | '''cône''' | ||
'''Côney | |||
'''conféctionery''' | '''conféctionery''' | ||
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'''consénsus''' cf. '''consént''', '''cénsus''', '''concéntric | '''consénsus''' cf. '''consént''', '''cénsus''', '''concéntric | ||
'''consént''' cf. ''' | '''consént''' cf. '''cóncentrâte | ||
'''cónsequence''' cónsí-, cf. '''sêquence | '''cónsequence''' cónsí-, cf. '''sêquence | ||
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'''Coômbs''' = '''Coômbes''' *Cûmz | '''Coômbs''' = '''Coômbes''' *Cûmz | ||
'''coôp''' | |||
'''coôper''' = '''Coôper''' | |||
'''cooperâtion''' côwóp-, cf. '''cŏrporation | '''cooperâtion''' côwóp-, cf. '''cŏrporation | ||
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'''cóst''' cf. '''côast | '''cóst''' cf. '''côast | ||
'''Cósta Rìca | '''Cósta Rìca''', cf '''côast'''; some Americans say '''Côsta Rìca''' | ||
'''côsy''' BrE = AmE '''côzy''' = '''Côsey | '''côsy''' BrE = AmE '''côzy''' = '''Côsey | ||
'''[[Côte d'Ivoire]]''' (French accent may be retained in English) *Côat-divwàr, also known as '''Îvory Côast''' | '''''[[Côte d'Ivoire]]''''' (French circumflex accent may be retained in English) *Côat-divwàr, also known as '''Îvory Côast''' | ||
'''cotërminous''' ''adjective'', cf. '''tërminus''' ''noun'' | '''cotërminous''' ''adjective'', cf. '''tërminus''' ''noun'' | ||
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'''cráb''' = '''Crább''' = '''Crábbe''' | '''cráb''' = '''Crább''' = '''Crábbe''' | ||
'''cráckdown''' ''noun'', '''cráck dòwn''' ''verb'' | |||
'''cráckpot''' ''noun'' one word | '''cráckpot''' ''noun'' one word | ||
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'''crêosote | '''crêosote | ||
'''crèpe''' | '''crèpe''', '''crépe | ||
'''crescéndo''' -sh- | '''crescéndo''' -sh- | ||
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'''críminal | '''críminal | ||
''' | '''crîsís''' -s, pl. '''crîsês''' -z | ||
'''críss-cróss''', cf. '''Chrís''', '''cróss | '''críss-cróss''', cf. '''Chrís''', '''cróss | ||
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'''crócodîle | '''crócodîle | ||
'''croissant''' *kwússón, French nasal -ón | '''croissant''' *kwússón, French nasal -ón | ||
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'''crônyism''' *crônêeízm | '''crônyism''' *crônêeízm | ||
'''crôquèt''': BrE *crôkay, AmE *crokây | |||
'''crôsier''', '''crôzier''' | |||
'''cróss-examinâtion | '''cróss-examinâtion | ||
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'''crýpt | '''crýpt | ||
'''crýstal''', '''t''' sounded, cf. '''whístle''', '''grístle''', silent '''t | '''crýptic''' makes a [[minimal pair]] with '''tríptych | ||
'''crýstal''', '''t''' sounded (= '''Krístol'''), cf. '''whístle''', '''grístle''', silent '''t | |||
'''cubewàno''', from "QB1-o" (after the prototype [[trans-Neptunian object]] '''QB'''-'''òne''' *qyû-bê-wún, with '''ú''' changed to '''à''') | '''cubewàno''', from "QB1-o" (after the prototype [[trans-Neptunian object]] '''QB'''-'''òne''' *qyû-bê-wún, with '''ú''' changed to '''à''') | ||
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'''curâte''' ''museum | '''curâte''' ''museum | ||
'''cürb''' ''stop, street'' = '''kërb''' ''street | '''cürb''' ''stop, street'' = '''kërb''' BrE ''street | ||
'''cûre-åll''' ''noun, adjective | '''cûre-åll''' ''noun, adjective | ||
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'''cürse''' cf. '''cŏurse | '''cürse''' cf. '''cŏurse | ||
'''cürsed''' * cürst; adjective before noun may be *cürsíd | |||
'''cürt''' ''blunt'' = '''Kürt''' ''person | '''cürt''' ''blunt'' = '''Kürt''' ''person | ||
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'''cy'''- s- | '''cy'''- s- | ||
'''cýclamen''' | '''cýclamen''' | ||
'''cŷcle''' | '''cŷcle''' | ||
'''cýclical''' | '''cýclical''' | ||
'''cŷclist''' | '''cŷclist''' | ||
'''cýgnet''' ''swan'' = '''sígnet''' ''ring | '''cýgnet''' ''swan'' = '''sígnet''' ''ring | ||
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'''cýmbal''' ''drums'' = '''sýmbol''' ''sign | '''cýmbal''' ''drums'' = '''sýmbol''' ''sign | ||
'''cýnic''' | |||
'''cýnicism | |||
'''cŷnosure''' | |||
'''cŷpher''' or '''cîpher''', cf. '''decîpher | '''cŷpher''' or '''cîpher''', cf. '''decîpher | ||
'''cŷpress''' ''tree'' = '''Cŷprus''' ''country'' | '''cŷpress''' ''tree'' = '''Cŷprus''' ''country'' | ||
'''Cýpriot | '''Cýpriot | ||
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'''Cŷrus | '''Cŷrus | ||
'''cýst''' | '''cýst''' | ||
'''czàr''' or '''tsàr''' *zàr | '''czàr''' or '''tsàr''' *zàr | ||
'''Czéch''' ''nationality'' = '''chéck''' ''verify'' = BrE '''chéque''' ''cash | '''Czéch''' ''nationality'' = '''chéck''' ''verify'' = BrE '''chéque''' ''cash |
Latest revision as of 13:57, 17 August 2017
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
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Use in English | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alphabetical word list | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retroalphabetical list | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common misspellings |
This page lists pronunciations of English words that begin with C. To see a different letter navigate with the table above. The apostrophe is treated as the last letter of the alphabet, after Z.
For a pronunciation key, click on the blue "Catalogs" link below the article title.[e]
C = sêe look
c. = cïrca *sürka has become a journalistic vogue word, but is not normally spelt out in serious usage, being a space-saver, especially before dates, substituting for a word such as aròund (c. 1950), while the longer version "ca." is widely regarded as incorrect
cabál, cabàl
cáche arms = cásh money
cáddie golf = cáddy tea
câdence
cadét
Cadíz is the traditional English pronunciation, though the Spanish stresses the first syllable
càdrê AmE, BrE *càdə
Caêsar *Sêezer
cáfè can be written with a French accent: café *cáfây
cáfè au lâit can be written with a French accent: café au lait *cáfâyô-lây
cáffêine
câiman crocodile = Câyman Islands
cãirn
Caîro *Kŷro
Caìus Cambridge = kêys lock; otherwise regularly Caîus, rhyming with its variant Gaîus
Cálâis *Cállay
Calcútta old spelling = Kolkàta new: *Cål-cútta is normally pronounced Cál-, e.g. as in Calcútta Cúp; the effect of the new spelling has been to change the pronunciation to from Cál- to Cól-
Caledônia
cálendar is not spelt -er, cf. còlander
Cálgary *Cálgəri
Califŏrnia -nyə
câliph, cáliph; câliphate, cáliphate, calìphate
cåll name, phone, shout = cåul birth, cf. Cál person
Cállaghán: silent g, *Cállahán
callígraphy -ll-, cf. Calígula
Callîopê = Kallîopê = Kallîopi
cállous uncaring = cállus skin ≈ Cállas Maria (or Cállás)
càlm -àm, BrE and AmE
cálorie
Câmbridge
cámel
camêllia: irregular ê before double consonant, *camêlia, cf. chamaêleon *camêliən
cámera
cameráderie
Cámeron
Cameroôn
cámouflàge -àzh
campâign *campâin, cf. champâgne *shám-pâin, and words in -èign, all of which rhyme
Cámpbell *Cámble, rhyming with gámble
cán able, tin = Cánnes France
cán nót ônly: see cánnót
Cânaan *Câynən, aa as schwa
Cánada
Canâdian
canál
cánapè cf. cánopy
canãry
canásta
Canáveral
Cánberra -bərə, BrE *Cámborough
cáncer illness = Cáncer constellation
cándidate BrE -ət, AmE -âte (unsurprisingly, the AmE version is common among British broadcasters)
câne stick, sugar = Câne = Câin Abel = Kâne Citizen = Kâine Tim
cânîne
cánister: one n
cánnabis
cánnibal rhymes with Hánnibal
cánnon = cánon
cannót; or cánnót for emphasis, but always one word when (as it usually is) nót is modifying cán, cf. ít cán nót ônly…but ålsô…; cf. contracted form cān't
canoe -noô
cánon church, œuvre, music = cánnon war
cánopy cf. cánapè
cánt cliche = Kánt philosopher = AmE cán’t impossible
cantàta
cánvas paint, tent = cánvass election
cányon cf. ònion, both -yən
câpable
Câpe Tòwn, two words, but the first is stressed as if it were one, *Câpetown
Câpe Vërde, Câpe Vërdê
capíllary BrE; AmE cápillãry
cápital city, letter = cápitol legislature = Cápitol Washington, Records
capítulate
cappuccìno -chêeno
capsîze
cáptain -ptin
cáption -pshn
Cápricorn
càr vehicle = Càrr = Kàrr persons
*cáracter is spelt cháracter; cf. cáricature
càr-lôad noun
cárapâce
cárat gold = cárrot food = cáret insert = kárat gold
càrbon dióxîde
carburéttor
càrcass body cf. Carácas
cãre
cãrefree one word
carêer profession, speed BrE = Korêa country, cf. cárrier carry
cãrer
Cãrey = Cãry, cf. Kérry (minimal pair); Cãrrey is an irregular variant, as normally á before rr (cárry)
Cáríbbêan *Cárri-bêeən is the usual pronunciation outside the area, where some say *Cəríbbêən, and Rŏyal Caríbbean is normal
cáricature, AmE also carícature, cf. cháracter, both k-
cãries
Carlîsle city, person = Carlŷle person
Càrnaby
Carnègiê, hard g (the family pronunciation, though one often hears it echoing the stress pattern of Càrnaby: Càrnegie; also Carnêgie)
Càrnfŏrth
càrnivore
cárol Christmas = Cárol = Cárole
Cárolîne
Cárolýn
caròusal carouse *cəròuzəl
carousél round *carəssél
cárrom or cárom
cárrot vegetable = cárat gold = cáret mark
cárry bring = Cárrie person
càrt horse = kàrt race
cartél
càrton
cartoôn cf. Khartoûm, minimal pair: n and m only different sounds
cásh money = cáche weapons
cashìer *cashêer
cáshmêre wool = Kashmìr Asia
casìno makes a minimal pair with Cassìnì
cassàva
cāst drama, throw, eye = cāste India
Castílian cf. Castìlle
cāstle -ssl
cásual cf. cåusal
cásualty
cát animal = qát drug
cátacomb -coôm
Cátalan: though -ən is the normal ending (Itálian, Nigêrian), many speakers pronounce a strong final á in this word for some reason
cátalog AmE = BrE cátalogue
Catalônia—as for example in the title of Orwell's Homage to Catalonia (Catalunya in Catalan)
catàrrh *catàr, cf. Qátar
catástrophê
catastróphic
cátchphrase is probably more common as one word
Câte Blanchett; but Kâte is the usual spelling of this abbreviation of Cátherine, Kátharine etc.
categórical
cátegory
câter = Câtor
cáterpillar
Cátheríne is the most common spelling; also K-, -thar-
cátholic = Cátholic -k
Cathólicism -sism
cáttle cows cf. kéttle boil (minimal pair)
cåucus rhymes with råucous
cåught catch = BrE cŏurt tennis, law
cåul birth = cåll name, phone, shout
cåuldron or cåldron
cauliflòur *cóllyflower
cåuse reason -z = BrE Cŏrrs persons, cf. cŏurse -ss, cf. because *bicóz, ’cós because *cóz
cause celébre can have French accents: cause célèbre *côz-celébrə
cavalìêr
cávêát (or a as schwa)
Cávendish
Câyman Islands = câiman crocodile
ce- mostly s-
cêase stop *sêess, minimal pair with sêize hold
cêased rhymes and makes a minimal pair with êast
cêasefîre (no need to hyphenate)
cêde yield = sêed plant
cèilidh *kâlêy
cêiling floor = sêaling shutting
célebrâte s-
celébrity s-
célibate s-
céll prison, biology = séll money
céllar wine = séller sales
céllo tch-
céllophane s-, cf. sêal, séllotape
Céltic or céltic civilisation K-; Céltic football club S-
cémetery BrE -try, AmE -téry: not spelt -ary
cénsor censorship = sénsor feel ≈ cénsure blame
cént money = sént send = scént perfume
centênary
céntral s-
céntre s- BrE, AmE cénter; past: BrE céntred = AmE céntered
céntre-léft, céntre-rîght politics, hyphen
centrífugal or céntrifugal
centrípetal
céntrist s-
céntury is not automatically capitalised after an ordinal: 20th céntury
cêreal cornflakes = sêrial series
cérebral s- BrE; AmE cerêbral
Cêrês planet makes a minimal pair with sêríes string, or Céres, cf. Sírius star
céremony s-
Céri (from Welsh) = Kérry
certíficate -ət
cërtify
cërvical s- (some say cervîcal)
cesãrian cf. Caêsar, both s-
césspit one word
césspool one word
cf. compare *cêe-éff
ch- tch- unless otherwise stated; sh-, often from French, where stated
chà tea
chà-chà or cha-cha-chà dance
Chádian *Cháddian
chádŏr
Châffetz Jason
cháffinch
chágrín sh- BrE; AmE *shəgrêen
chãir sit makes a minimal pair with shãre divide and Chér person
chaise lóngue *shézz-lóng
chamaêleon k-; AmE -mêl- = Chamaêleon constellation, cf. camêlia, where -n is the only extra sound (a minimal pair)
châmber cf. Châmbers person
chámois *shámwà
Champâgne France, drink = Champaîgn Illinois *shámpâin; they make a minimal pair with campâign *cámpâin
chāncellor
cháncre *shánker
chandelìêr sh-
Chandrasèkhar is much more common than Chandrasèkar
chánnel rhymes with pánel, cf. Chanél, Channél persons, both sh-
châós *kâyóss, cf. cháps
chapàti (there are some longer spellings)
chápel church = Cháppell person
cháperôn sh-
chàplain church = Cháplin person
Chappáqua
Cháppaquíddick
Cháppell = chápel; also *Shapél
chárabanc *shárabang, cf. shebáng
charàde sh- BrE; AmE charâde
cháracter cf. cáricature, both k-
Cháring Cróss
charivàri sh-
chàrlatan sh-
Chàrleston dance, city *Chàrlston
Chàrlotte Sh-
Chàrlton
Cháron = Sháron; or *Kãrən
chãry cf. chãir
Charýbdis *Kəríbdiss
chásm *kázzəm
chássis *shássy
châste virgin = châsed chase
Chátham -təm
chauffëur *shô-fër
chauvinist shô-
chêap cost = chêep bird
chêapskâte one word
chêat
Chéchnya
chéckered
chéckers game = Chéquers house (AmE chéckers is BrE dràughts [= dràfts]; AmE Chînese chéckers is BrE Chînese chéquers)
chéckpoint one word
chêek cf. chíck
chêetah
chéf sh-, cf. chìêf, ch sound: tch-
Chélsêa *Tchélsì
chémistry k-
Chèney
chéque BrE money = chéck verify, AmE money = Czéch nationality
Chér = shãre, cf. chãir
Chernóbyl
Cherokêe
chérry-píck
chérub
cherúbic
Chéryl can be Sh-
chévron sh-
cheŵ cf. words beginning tû-, which can have the same tch- sound, e.g. tûbe
*chewítion tuítion
Cheyenne *Shŷ Ánn
chèz *shây
Chháttisgarh *Cháttisgar, cf. Chándigarh
chî Greek letter χ *kî
chìc *shêek, cf. slêek, chíck
Chicàgo Shí-, à sound in both BrE and AmE
chíck chicken, Chíck person
chíckpêa one word or two
chìêf tch-, cf. chéf, sh-
chihuàhua *tchiwàwa
chîld
Chîlds surname = chîld's possessive, cf. chíldren plural
chîldbïrth one word
chíldren, plural of chîld
Chílê country = chílly cold = chílì, (mostly BrE) chíllì bean
Chílêan *Chíllìan, rhyming with Gíllìan; also *Chilèan (*Chilâyan), cf. Spanish Chileno (m.), Chilena (f.), where the e is the stressed vowel
chimêra kî-
chímney
chimpanzêe
Chîna country = chîna crockery
chîropractic k-, first syllable = Caîro
chirópody k-
chïrp
chísel -zl
Chíslehurst -zl-
Chíswick *Tchízzick
chívalry sh-
chívy or chívvy
chlamýdia kl-
Chlôê *Klôwie
chlóroform kl-
chóc chocolate = chóck wedge
chóck-a-blóck
chŏice makes a minimal pair with Jŏyce
choîr singers = quîre paper
chólera k-, cf. cóllar (minimal pair)
choléstorol k-
choôse select = cheŵs masticates
Chópin is usually pronounced like shóp plus a nasalised á; some say "Shôwpán" but this is not recommended
chŏral chorus k-, cf. córal reef
chorāle chorus k- = corrāl animals
chŏrd music = cŏrd rope, vocal
chŏrus k-
choúgh bird *chúff, cf. chúffed pleased
chòw dog, food = ciàô goodbye
chòw mêin
chr- kr- (words that sound as if they begin 'chr-' may begin tr-)
Chrís = Krís, cf. críss-cróss
Chrîst Kr-
chrísten *kríssen
Chrístian *Kríshtchən or *Krístchen cf. crýstal
Christiáne *Kristi-ánn
Christìne, though the stress can shift to Chrístine, Kr-
Chrístmas *Kríssməss
Chrístopher *Krístəfər
chrôme kr-
chrónic, chrónicle kr-
chrýsalis kríss-
chrysánthemum kríz-
chthônian, chthónic, kth-, th-
chúffed *chúft
chürch
chürn
chûte fall = shoôt gun
chútzpah *hùtspə, cf. Hótspur
ci- s-
ciàô goodbye = chòw dog, food
cicàda BrE; AmE cicâda
Cícely person = Sícily Italy
cîder
cigàr
címbalóm is perhaps the most common of several spellings, cf. cýmbal
Cincinnáti
cínema
cínnamon
Cínque Ports = sínk wash, down
cïr-
cïrca, traditionally abbreviated to c. (though not "ca.", q.v.), has become a (vogue?) word in its own right
cïrcle
cïrcuit *sërkit
circûítous
cïrcumcîse
circumcísion -zhən
circúmference cf. interfêrence
cïrcumstance
Cîrencéster
cirrhôsis, cf. psorîasis
císsy = Císsy = síssy
citâtion cf. situâtion
cîte quote = sîght see = sîte place
cítizen
Citizéndium
Cítroen ™ car = cítron lemon, making minimal pairs with cítrous
cíty
cívil
civílian: one l
cívvies
Clãir = Clãire = Clãre
clámour BrE; AmE clámor
clámpdown noun one word
clán = Klán Ku Klux
clándestîne; some say clandéstíne
clánger has the normal ng sound, rhyming with hánger, cf. ánger, *áng-ger, dânger, -njer
Clápham London = cláp ’em clap them
cláptrap one word
Clãre = Clãir = Clãire
cláret
clárify
clarinéttist BrE, AmE clarinétist
clárity
clāss
clássical music is not capitalised when referring to any period; only Clássical when referring particularly to the period between Baroque and Romantic (and not necessarily music)
clāssroom one word
clåuse words = clåws claw = Clåus Santa
claustrophôbia clós-
clêan
cléanliness
cléanse -nz
clêaver cf. cléver
Clêese -z
clërgy
cléric
clërk AmE; BrE = Clàrk = Clàrke persons
cléver
clìchè *clêeshây
clíck sound, cf. clìque gang, see below
clíckbâit
clîmb up = clîme weather
clìque *clêek; some AmE = clíck
clóckwörk one word
clôse shut = clôze test; clôse near, cul-de-sac *clôce = Clôse: Ms. Clôse's (-siz) còmpany was clôse (s) to bánkruptcy and hád to clôse (z) môst of íts óffices
clôser more -ss-, clôser end -z-
clóset -z-
clôse-up near, -ss-, cf. clôse up shut, -z-
clóstr- claustrophôbia
clóth unvoiced th
clôthe voiced th
clôthes voiced th
Cloúgh = Clúff
Clŵýd rhymes with flûíd
cô and co = Côe
côach transport, trainer
côal fuel = Côle person
coalésce *côəl-éss
coalítion *côəl-íshən
côalman coal = Côleman person
côalmine or côal mîne, but côal mîning is two words
cŏarse crude = cŏurse route, study
côast cf. cóst
côastguard one word or two
côax
cóbra or côbra
cocâine (ô or schwa; weak = Cockâigne)
cóchineal
Cockâigne (ó or schwa; weak = cocâine)
Côckburn = Côburn persons
Cóckermòuth or -məth
cóck-up
côco tree = côcoa tree, powder, drink
Côco the Clòwn
côconut or côcoanut
cocoôn
côdêine
côdicil
coêlacanth sêel- BrE, AmE cêlacanth
coërce
coërcion -sh-
CofÊ Church of England *sêeyəvêe
cóffee drink = Cóffey = Cóffee persons
cógnac *cónyák
cohábit no hyphen
Côhen *Côwen, rhymes with Ôwen
côhêre
Coìmbra *Quêenborough
coincîde, coíncídence, cô-í-, without hyphens
cojônes *cohôniz
côke fuel = Côke Coca Cola = Kôch brothers
còlander cf. cálendar
Côle person = côal burn
côleslaw is probably more common nowadays than côle slåw
Cólin, cf. Cóllins; Côlin Pòwell is an exception
colláborate
cóllàge art *cóllàzh, cf. cóllege school *cóllij
collápse
cóllar, cf. chólera *cóllara
cólleague *cólêeg
colléctable BrE, AmE colléctible
cóllege *cóllij
cóllier coal = Cóllier, Cólyer
Cóllins, cf. Cólin
collóssal
collûde
Colôgne Germany = colôgne perfume *kəlôn
Colòmbia country = Colúmbia company, British (-ló- is the Spanish and a spelling pronunciation)
Colòmbo Sri Lanka = Colúmbo TV series
côlon
cölonel army = BrE kërnel nut *kënl
colônial
colonnâde
cólonise
cólony
Coloràdo in both BrE and AmE, Có-
colorâtion or colourâtion cú-
coloratùra
còlour tint cf. cóllar neck
Colúmbia British, commercial = Colòmbia South America
Colúmbus
cólumn *cóllum
cólumnist *cólumist, though some pronounce the n
côma cf. cómma
cômb hair *kôam, cf. còme here (minimal pair)
cómbat noun, verb, combát verb; verb forms -ing and -ed may have one t or two
cómbatant or combátant
combîne verb
cómbine-hàrvester
còme
còmeback noun, adjective one word
cómedy
comeúppance one word
còmfortable -ft-
comfortably-óff
còming come = Cúmming, cf. Cúmmings, persons
cómma punctuate, cf. côma unconscious
commānd
commandêer
comménd
cómmént
commërcial
commít
commíttee
cómmonplace common one word
commûnal
cómmune noun
commûne verb
commûniquè -nikây
cómmunism
commûnity
còmpany
compãre contrast cf. cómpére (where French accent can be written: compère) host
cómparable or compárable
compárative
compárison
compàrtment
còmpass
còmpasses
compássion
cómpensâte
compensâtion
cómpére (or with written French accent compère) show, cf. compãre contrast
complâint complain
cómplement together = cómpliment praise
cómplex BrE; AmE compléx
compléxion not -ct-
complîant comply
complícit
cómpóst
cómpromîse pronounced but never written -ize, cf. prómise *prómíss
Còmpton, Cómpton
cómráde, cf. Cónrád (minimal pair), some BrE cómrâde
concêde
concentrâte cf. consént
cóncrete
concatenâtion: e, not i
cóncentrâte cf. consént
concéntric cf. consénsus
cóncept
concéptual
concërtô *cənshërto, *cənshérto or like Italian original *conchérto
concéssion
cónch shell -nch or -nk
cónch, Cónch Bahamian -nk
concörd
Cóncord
cóncrete
concússion
condémn, cf. dámn, both -m
condemnâtion ends like nâtion
condîgn -dîne
condôlences
cóndom, cóndóm
cóndŏr
condûcíve
cóndûít or -dwít; BrE was once *cóndit or *cúndit, but now regularised
cône
Côney
conféctionery
confër
conféss
conféssion -féshən
cónfidànt person BrE -dónt
cónfident adjective -dənt
Confûcian -shən
confûsion -zhən
cónger hard g
cóngeries soft g
cóngruent or congrûent
cónical make a minimal pair with chrónicle
cónifer
cóniìne -iì-
cònjure
Cónnåcht *Cónåwt
connéct
Connécticut *Cənétikət
connéction: BrE can be connéxion
connîve
connoissëur: -oi- as schwa: *connəssür
Cónor given = Cónnor family
cónquer win = cónker nut *cóngker
cónquést *cóngkwest, cf. quést
*conscient should be cónscious
consciéntious *cónshì-énshəs, *cónshénshəs
cónscious
consénsus cf. consént, cénsus, concéntric
consént cf. cóncentrâte
cónsequence cónsí-, cf. sêquence
consërvative
conservâtion
consigliérê *consíl-yãry
consístent cf. cónstant
cónsôle noun
consôle comfort
consólidate
cónsonant
cónsŏrt noun cf. cóncert, e as schwa
consŏrt verb
consŏrtium as written or -shm
conspíracy
conspírator
conspîre
cònstable
constábulary
cónstant cf. consístent
constítuency
consûme -syû-
cónsummate
cóntact noun and verb, cf. cóntract, contráct
contémptible
conténd struggle
contént happy
cóntént contain
cóntext
contéxtual
contínûùm -tínyûəm
cóntoûr
cóntract noun, contráct verb, cf. cóntact
contradíct
cóntra, cf. controvërsial, etc.
cóntrary opposed
contrãry awkward
cóntribûte or contríbûte
contribûtion
*contríbyəter contríbutor
contrôl
contrôller
controvërsial
cóntrovërsy or contróversy
conúndrum
cónvíct noun, convíct verb
cónvoy
coòk kitchen = Coòk = Coòke persons
coôlie *kûli
Coômbs = Coômbes *Cûmz
coôp
coôper = Coôper
cooperâtion côwóp-, cf. cŏrporation
coóperative côwóp-
Copenhâgen: Cô-; or -hàgen
cóps police = Kóp Liverpool
cóp-òut
cóps police = cópse wood
cópy cf. côpe
cópyédit can be one word or two
cópyrîght *cópywrîte: it’s a rîght about writing
córal
cŏr ànglâis *cŏróng-glây
cŏrd vocal, string = chŏrd music
cŏrdon
cŏre apple = cŏrps army
cŏrnea -nìə
cŏrnerstône one word
coróllary
corôna
córonary
córoner
cŏrporate
cŏrps army = cŏre apple, cf. following
cŏrpse
corrāl AmE animals; BrE = chorāle choral
corrālled
correspóndence, correspóndent (unlike French, which has -ance, -ant)
corróborate
córrugate BrE; AmE cörrugate
cóst cf. côast
Cósta Rìca, cf côast; some Americans say Côsta Rìca
côsy BrE = AmE côzy = Côsey
Côte d'Ivoire (French circumflex accent may be retained in English) *Côat-divwàr, also known as Îvory Côast
cotërminous adjective, cf. tërminus noun
Cótham Bristol *Cóttam
cóttage -íj
còuch; the surname is, however, Coûch in the names of John Couch Adams and Arthur Quiller-Couch
còuchant
couchétte *coô-shét
coûgar *coôger
cóugh *cóff
coùld rhymes with goòd
còuncil committee = còunsel advice
còuncillor
còunt
còunter noun
còunter- opposite, hyphenated: còunter-clâim, còunter-productive
còunterfeít; còunterfeíter rhymes with (ends like) fítter
coúntry *cúntry, cf. còunty and còunt, which do begin with the còw sound; "còwntry" is a common mispronunciation by foreign learners
còunty cf. coúntry
coûp d’état = coô bird
coúple rhymes with súpple (minimal pair)
coúrage; AmE can be cöurage
courâgeous
cŏurse route, study = cŏarse crude, -ss, cf. cåuse, -z, cürse, -s
cŏurt tennis, monarch, woo; BrE = cåught catch
cöurteous
cöurtesy politeness cf. cürtsey bow (minimal pair)
coúsin *cúzzen rhymes with dòzen
Cóvent Gàrden
còver
côvert, còvert, cf. ovërt
còvet -ít
Còwen = Còwan, minimal pair with Côhen
còws animals = Còwes Isle of Wight, cf. kowtòw
Coŵper = Coôper; or Còwper
Cóx = cócks
cŏyôtê BrE; AmE *kîôat
cráb = Crább = Crábbe
cráckdown noun, cráck dòwn verb
cráckpot noun one word
crâdle
crāft skill = Krāft person
cravát ('cravate' is French)
cråwl ground = Kråll person
Creâgh = Crây
crêak noise = crêek water
crêam
creâte *crêe-âte
creâtion *crêe-âshən
crêature -ch-
créche *crésh, cf. crásh, crúsh (minimal pairs)
crêdence
credéntials
crédibílity
crêed
crêek water = crêak noise
créme can have French accent: crème
créme de menthe can have French accent: crème de menthe *crémdə-mónt
Creôle (êô) = creôle
crêosote
crèpe, crépe
crescéndo -sh-
créscent *crézzənt, *créssənt
crétin
crévíce
crevásse
creŵ ship = Creŵe England
creŵ-cut
Crîchton *Crŷtən
crîme cf. crêam (minimal pair)
Crimêa *Crî-mêə
críminal
crîsís -s, pl. crîsês -z
críss-cróss, cf. Chrís, cróss
critêrion (plural critêria) crî-
crític
critìque -êek
crôak = Crôke
Crôát *Crôwát
Croâtia *Crôw-âyshə
cróc crocodile = cróck pot, old
crôchet knit *crôshây, cf. crótchet
crócodîle croissant *kwússón, French nasal -ón
Crómarty
crône
crôny
crônyism *crônêeízm
crôquèt: BrE *crôkay, AmE *crokây
crôsier, crôzier
cróss-examinâtion
cròtch genitals = crútch support
crótchet irritable, music regular pronunciation, cf. crôchèt *crôshây
crûcible
crûcifíxion *crûci-fíction
Crûickshank -ûk-
crûise = Crûz = creŵs
crúmb -m
crúmble
crúx
Crûz = crûise
crýpt
crýptic makes a minimal pair with tríptych
crýstal, t sounded (= Krístol), cf. whístle, grístle, silent t
cubewàno, from "QB1-o" (after the prototype trans-Neptunian object QB-òne *qyû-bê-wún, with ú changed to à)
cúckold
cùckoô, first syllable sounding like coòk
cûe snooker, theatre = queûe line = Keŵ Gardens
Cûi *QE
cuisìne *quizêen, cf. cóusin *cúzzən
cúl-de-sác
cúlprit
cúlt
cúm with, orgasm = còme here
Cúmmings person = còmings and goings
cúmqùat = kúmqùat
cûneífŏrm rhymes with ûniform
cúpboard rhymes with Húbbard
curaçào *curassòw
cûrate person
curâte museum
cürb stop, street = kërb BrE street
cûre-åll noun, adjective
cûrious
cürly = Cürley
cúrrant eat = cúrrent now, flow BrE; AmE cür-
currículum vìtaê
cürse cf. cŏurse
cürsed * cürst; adjective before noun may be *cürsíd
cürt blunt = Kürt person
cürtsey bow cf. cöurtesy politeness
curvâceous
cürve
cùshion cf. percússion, both -shən
cússed *cússid
cústard
cústody BrE *cústardy
cútback noun one word
cút-prîce
cútler, cútlery, light l, e as schwa (though Anne Robinson, on The Weakest Link, pronounces it with a dark l: "cúttle-ry")
cy- s-
cýclamen
cŷcle
cýclical
cŷclist
cýgnet swan = sígnet ring
cýlinder
cýmbal drums = sýmbol sign
cýnic
cýnicism
cŷnosure
cŷpher or cîpher, cf. decîpher
cŷpress tree = Cŷprus country
Cýpriot
Cýril
Cyríllic
Cŷrus
cýst
czàr or tsàr *zàr
Czéch nationality = chéck verify = BrE chéque cash