Kilogram-force: Difference between revisions
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A '''kilogram-force''' ('''kgf''') is a [[Measurement| | A '''kilogram-force''' ('''kgf''') is a [[Measurement|unit]] of [[force]] that will [[acceleration|accelerate]] 1 [[kilogram]] of [[mass]] at 9.80665 [[metre|m]]/[[second|s]]<sup>2</sup>, the standard [[acceleration due to gravity]] on [[Earth]]'s surface (referred to as '''''g<sub>n</sub>''''').<ref name=NIST-gravity/> The kilogram-force is often referred to as the '''''kilopond (kp)'''''.<ref name=kp group=note/> | ||
Since a [[Newton (unit)|newton]] is defined<ref name=NASA/><ref name=NIST-newton/> as the force that will accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at 1 m/s<sup>2</sup>, and acceleration is proportional to force, one kilogram-force is therefore equal to 9.80665 [[newton (unit)|newtons]].<ref name=NIST-kgf/> It is also equal to 2.20462 pounds-force. | |||
The kilogram-force was not very well defined until the 3rd [[General Conference on Weights and Measures]] (Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures, CGPM) defined '''''g<sub>n</sub>''''', the standard gravity, to be 9.80665 m/s<sup>2</sup> in 1901.<ref name=GCPM3/> Although it was once widely used, it has never been part of the [[International System of Units]] (SI) introduced in 1960 by the 11th GCPM.<ref name=GCPM11/> | The kilogram-force was not very well defined until the 3rd [[General Conference on Weights and Measures]] (Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures, CGPM) defined '''''g<sub>n</sub>''''', the standard gravity, to be 9.80665 m/s<sup>2</sup> in 1901.<ref name=GCPM3/> Although it was once widely used, it has never been part of the [[International System of Units]] (SI) introduced in 1960 by the 11th GCPM.<ref name=GCPM11/> | ||
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==Equivalent units of force== | ==Equivalent units of force== | ||
*1 kgf ≡ 9.80665 newton (symbol: '''N''') | *1 kgf ≡ 9.80665 [[newton]] (symbol: '''N''') | ||
*1 kgf ≡ 980,665 [[dyne]] (symbol: '''dyn''') | *1 kgf ≡ 980,665 [[dyne]] (symbol: '''dyn''') | ||
*1 kgf ≡ 1 kilopond (symbol: '''kp''')<ref name=kp group=note/> | *1 kgf ≡ 1 [[kilopond]] (symbol: '''kp''')<ref name=kp group=note/> | ||
*1 kgf ≡ 9.80665×10<sup>-3</sup> [[sthène]] (symbol: '''sn''') | *1 kgf ≡ 9.80665×10<sup>-3</sup> [[sthène]] (symbol: '''sn''') | ||
*1 kgf ≈ 2.20462 [[pound-force]] (symbol: '''lbf''') | *1 kgf ≈ 2.20462 [[pound-force]] (symbol: '''lbf''') | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|refs= | {{Reflist|refs= | ||
<ref name=NIST-kgf>[http://wtc.nist.gov/progress_report_june04/metric_conversion.pdf Metric Conversion Table] Scroll down to "Force"</ref> | |||
<ref name=NIST-gravity>[http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP330/sp330.pdf The International System of Units (SI), NIST Special Publication 330, 2008 Edition] (pdf page 57 of 77 pdf pages)</ref> | <ref name=NIST-gravity>[http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP330/sp330.pdf The International System of Units (SI), NIST Special Publication 330, 2008 Edition] (pdf page 57 of 77 pdf pages)</ref> | ||
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<ref name=GCPM11>[http://www.bipm.org/en/CGPM/db/11/12/ Resolution 12 of the 11th meeting of the CGPM (1960)]</ref> | <ref name=GCPM11>[http://www.bipm.org/en/CGPM/db/11/12/ Resolution 12 of the 11th meeting of the CGPM (1960)]</ref> | ||
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Latest revision as of 11:00, 8 September 2024
A kilogram-force (kgf) is a unit of force that will accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at 9.80665 m/s2, the standard acceleration due to gravity on Earth's surface (referred to as gn).[1] The kilogram-force is often referred to as the kilopond (kp).[note 1]
Since a newton is defined[2][3] as the force that will accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at 1 m/s2, and acceleration is proportional to force, one kilogram-force is therefore equal to 9.80665 newtons.[4] It is also equal to 2.20462 pounds-force.
The kilogram-force was not very well defined until the 3rd General Conference on Weights and Measures (Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures, CGPM) defined gn, the standard gravity, to be 9.80665 m/s2 in 1901.[5] Although it was once widely used, it has never been part of the International System of Units (SI) introduced in 1960 by the 11th GCPM.[6]
The kilogram-force is still used to some extent in a few countries, but it is generally considered to be obsolete in most countries.
Equivalent units of force
- 1 kgf ≡ 9.80665 newton (symbol: N)
- 1 kgf ≡ 980,665 dyne (symbol: dyn)
- 1 kgf ≡ 1 kilopond (symbol: kp)[note 1]
- 1 kgf ≡ 9.80665×10-3 sthène (symbol: sn)
- 1 kgf ≈ 2.20462 pound-force (symbol: lbf)
- 1 kgf ≈ 2.20462×10-3 kip (symbol: kip)[note 2]
- 1 kgf ≈ 70.93164 poundal (symbol: pdl)
Notes
References
- ↑ The International System of Units (SI), NIST Special Publication 330, 2008 Edition (pdf page 57 of 77 pdf pages)
- ↑ Glossary From the website of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
- ↑ The International System of Units (SI), NIST Special Publication 330, 2008 Edition (pdf page 30 of 77 pdf pages)
- ↑ Metric Conversion Table Scroll down to "Force"
- ↑ Resolution of the 3rd meeting of the CGPM (1901)
- ↑ Resolution 12 of the 11th meeting of the CGPM (1960)