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'''Ayman al-Zawahiri''' (1951-2022), a physician of Egyptian origin, was the deputy leader [[al-Qaeda]], until the death of its founder, [[Osama bin Laden]], in 2011.  Al-Zawahiri assumed leadership himself, until his own death, in 2022.


Born into a wealthy medical family, he trained as a pediatrician at  [[al-Azhar University]].   
'''Ayman al-Zawahiri''' (1951-2022), a physician of Egyptian origin, was the deputy leader [[al-Qaeda]], until the death of its founder, [[Osama bin Laden]], in 2011.<ref name=nytimes2001-09-24/><ref name=RewardsForJusticeZawahiri/><ref name=UNSanctions/><ref name=IdeologueOfModernIslamic/> Al-Zawahiri assumed leadership himself, until his own death, in 2022.<ref name=nytimes2011-07-29/>


He displaced [[Abd al-Qadir bin ‘Abd al-‘Aziz]] as leader of [[Egyptian Islamic Jihad]]; the two have accused one another of plagiarism. He also claimed that [[Jamaat al-Islamiyya]] joined al-Qaeda; while members may have done so, the leadership disavowed a merger.
Born into a wealthy medical family, he trained as a pediatrician at  [[al-Azhar University]].<ref name=nytimes2001-09-24/> 


While he is considered strategically and tactically skilled, his Islamist knowledge has been questioned. In 2001, he produced “Knights under the Prophet’s Banner,” extolling al-Qa’ida’s strategy,  
In 2001, he produced “Knights under the Prophet’s Banner,” extolling al-Qa’ida’s strategy,  
which derives from a number of [[Salafism|Salafist]] writers, and (most notably those of [[Sayyid Qutb]]) gives his framework of his interpretation of jihad. <ref name=Drinkwine>{{citation
which derives from a number of Salafist writers, and (most notably those of Sayyid Qutb) gives his framework of his interpretation of jihad. <ref name=Drinkwine>{{citation
  | title = The Serpent in Our Garden: Al-Qa'ida and the Long War
  | title = The Serpent in Our Garden: Al-Qa'ida and the Long War
  | author = [[Brian Drinkwine]]
  | author = Brian Drinkwine
  | journal = Carlisle Papers, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College
  | journal = Carlisle Papers, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College
  | date = January 26, 2009}}, p. 7</ref> He is a believer in the theological doctrine of [[al-wala’ wa’l-bara’‎]], rejecting any alliance with other than strict Muslims,<ref name=Wagemakers2008>{{citation
  | date = January 26, 2009}}, p. 7</ref> He is a believer in the theological doctrine of al-wala’ wa’l-bara’, rejecting any alliance with other than strict Muslims,<ref name=Wagemakers2008>{{citation
  | title = Framing the "threat to Islam": al-wala' wa al-bara' in Salafi discourse
  | title = Framing the "threat to Islam": al-wala' wa al-bara' in Salafi discourse
  | journal = Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ) | date = Fall, 2008  | author = Joas Wagemakers  
  | journal = Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ) | date = Fall, 2008  | author = Joas Wagemakers  
  | url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2501/is_4_30/ai_n31560557/pg_6/}}</ref> and [[takfir]], the destruction of infidels and apostates.
  | url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2501/is_4_30/ai_n31560557/pg_6/}}</ref> and takfir, the destruction of infidels and apostates.


Al-Zawhiri met [[Osama bin Laden]] through [[Abdullah Azzam]], in Pakistan.
Al-Zawhiri met [[Osama bin Laden]] through Abdullah Azzam, in Pakistan.
 
Al Zawahiri was killed by a missile fired from an American unmanned aerial vehicle, on July
2022.<ref name=nytimes2022-08-01/><ref name="nyt-live-22">
{{Cite news |last1=Cooper |first1=Helene |last2=Barnes |first2=Julian E. |last3=Schmitt |first3=Eric |date=August 1, 2022 |title=Live Updates: U.S. Drone Strike Said to Have Killed Top Qaeda Leader |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/08/01/us/al-qaeda-strike-us |url-status=live |access-date=August 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801225533/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/08/01/us/al-qaeda-strike-us |archive-date=August 1, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}
</ref><ref name="Ward">
{{Cite web |last1=Ward |first1=Alexander |last2=Toosi |first2=Nahal |last3=Seligman |first3=Lara |date=August 1, 2022 |title=U.S. kills Al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahri in drone strike |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/08/01/sources-u-s-kills-al-qaeda-leader-ayman-al-zawahri-in-drone-strike-00049089 |access-date=August 1, 2022 |website=[[Politico]] |language=en |archive-date=August 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801214947/https://www.politico.com/news/2022/08/01/sources-u-s-kills-al-qaeda-leader-ayman-al-zawahri-in-drone-strike-00049089 |url-status=live }}
</ref><ref>
{{cite news|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/cia-drone-strike-kills-al-qaida-leader-ayman-al-zawahri-in-afghanistan|title=CIA drone strike kills al-Qaida leader Ayman al-Zawahri in Afghanistan|agency=Associated Press|first1=Matthew|last1=Lee|first2=Nomaan|last2=Merchant|first3=Mike|last3=Balsamo|date=August 1, 2022|access-date=August 3, 2022|archive-date=August 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801232947/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/cia-drone-strike-kills-al-qaida-leader-ayman-al-zawahri-in-afghanistan|url-status=live}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=nytimes2022-08-01>
{{cite news     
| url        = https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/08/01/us/al-qaeda-leader-killed?searchResultPosition=2#loss-of-zawahri-is-likely-to-have-little-impact-on-day-to-day-operations-experts-said
| title      = Al-Qaeda Drone Strike Afghanistan: U.S. Drone Strike in Kabul Kills Top Qaeda Leader, Ayman al-Zawahri
| work        = [[New York Times]]
| author      =
| date        = 2022-08-01
| page        =
| location    = [[Washington DC]]
| archiveurl  =
| archivedate =
| accessdate  = 2024-02-14
| url-status  = live
| quote      =
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name=nytimes2011-07-29>
{{cite news   
| url        = https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/29/world/asia/29zawahri.html
| title      = Zawahri, Al-Qaeda’s New Leader, Praises Syrian Protesters
| work        = [[New York Times]]
| author      = J. David Goodman
| date        = 2011-07-29
| page        = A6
| archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20230312041209/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/29/world/asia/29zawahri.html
| archivedate = 2023-03-12
| accessdate  = 2024-02-14
| url-status  = live     
| quote      = In what appeared to be his first video message since succeeding Osama bin Laden as the leader of Al-Qaeda, Ayman al-Zawahri expressed strong support for antigovernment protesters in Syria, claiming that their movement to topple the country’s authoritarian leader was rooted in a wider regional conflict with the United States and Israel.
}}
</ref>
 
{{cite news   
| url        =
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| isbn        =
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| trans-title =
| trans_title = 
| archiveurl  =
| archivedate =
| accessdate  = 2024-02-14
| url-status  = live
| quote      =
}}
</ref>
 
{{cite news   
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| accessdate  = 2024-02-14
| url-status  = live
| quote      =
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name=IdeologueOfModernIslamic>
{{cite web
| url=https://media.defense.gov/2019/Apr/11/2002115486/-1/-1/0/21AYMANALZAWAHIRI.PDF
| title=Ayman Al-Zawahiri: The Ideologue of Modern Islamic Militancy
| author=Youssef H. Aboul-Enein
| publisher = [[Air University]] – Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama
| page=1
| date=March 2004
| access-date=November 15, 2020
| archive-date=January 14, 2020
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114224007/https://media.defense.gov/2019/Apr/11/2002115486/-1/-1/0/21AYMANALZAWAHIRI.PDF
| url-status=live
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name=nytimes2001-09-24>
{{cite news
| url        = https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/24/world/nation-challenged-heir-apparent-egyptian-seen-top-aide-successor-bin-laden.html
| title      = A Nation Challenged: Heir Apparent; Egyptian Seen As Top Aide And Successor To bin Laden
| work        = [[The New York Times]]
| author      = Douglas Jehl
| date        = 2001-09-24
| access-date = May 13, 2022
| archive-date= May 13, 2022
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513184409/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/24/world/nation-challenged-heir-apparent-egyptian-seen-top-aide-successor-bin-laden.html
| url-status  = live
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name=RewardsForJusticeZawahiri>
{{Cite web |title=Ayman al-Zawahiri – Rewards For Justice |url=https://rewardsforjustice.net/rewards/ayman-al-zawahiri/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802000310/https://rewardsforjustice.net/rewards/ayman-al-zawahiri/ |archive-date=August 2, 2022 |access-date=August 2, 2022
}}
</ref>
 
<ref name=UNSanctions>
{{Cite web
| title=Security Council Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee Amends One Entry on Its Sanctions List
| url=https://press.un.org/en/2015/sc11902.doc.htm
| url-status=live
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802150933/https://press.un.org/en/2015/sc11902.doc.htm
| archive-date=August 2, 2022
| access-date=August 2, 2022
| publisher = [[United Nations]]
}}
</ref>
}}
 
 
[[Category:Reviewed Passed if Improved]][[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]]

Latest revision as of 06:01, 15 July 2024

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Ayman al-Zawahiri (1951-2022), a physician of Egyptian origin, was the deputy leader al-Qaeda, until the death of its founder, Osama bin Laden, in 2011.[1][2][3][4] Al-Zawahiri assumed leadership himself, until his own death, in 2022.[5]

Born into a wealthy medical family, he trained as a pediatrician at al-Azhar University.[1]

In 2001, he produced “Knights under the Prophet’s Banner,” extolling al-Qa’ida’s strategy, which derives from a number of Salafist writers, and (most notably those of Sayyid Qutb) gives his framework of his interpretation of jihad. [6] He is a believer in the theological doctrine of al-wala’ wa’l-bara’, rejecting any alliance with other than strict Muslims,[7] and takfir, the destruction of infidels and apostates.

Al-Zawhiri met Osama bin Laden through Abdullah Azzam, in Pakistan.

Al Zawahiri was killed by a missile fired from an American unmanned aerial vehicle, on July 2022.[8][9][10][11]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Douglas Jehl. A Nation Challenged: Heir Apparent; Egyptian Seen As Top Aide And Successor To bin Laden, The New York Times, 2001-09-24.
  2. ↑ Ayman al-Zawahiri – Rewards For Justice.
  3. ↑ Security Council Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee Amends One Entry on Its Sanctions List. United Nations.
  4. ↑ Youssef H. Aboul-Enein (March 2004). Ayman Al-Zawahiri: The Ideologue of Modern Islamic Militancy. Air University – Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama.
  5. ↑ J. David Goodman. Zawahri, Al-Qaeda’s New Leader, Praises Syrian Protesters, New York Times, 2011-07-29, p. A6. Retrieved on 2024-02-14. “In what appeared to be his first video message since succeeding Osama bin Laden as the leader of Al-Qaeda, Ayman al-Zawahri expressed strong support for antigovernment protesters in Syria, claiming that their movement to topple the country’s authoritarian leader was rooted in a wider regional conflict with the United States and Israel.”
  6. ↑ Brian Drinkwine (January 26, 2009), "The Serpent in Our Garden: Al-Qa'ida and the Long War", Carlisle Papers, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, p. 7
  7. ↑ Joas Wagemakers (Fall, 2008), "Framing the "threat to Islam": al-wala' wa al-bara' in Salafi discourse", Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ)
  8. ↑ Al-Qaeda Drone Strike Afghanistan: U.S. Drone Strike in Kabul Kills Top Qaeda Leader, Ayman al-Zawahri, New York Times, 2022-08-01. Retrieved on 2024-02-14.
  9. ↑ Live Updates: U.S. Drone Strike Said to Have Killed Top Qaeda Leader, The New York Times, August 1, 2022. (in en-US)
  10. ↑ U.S. kills Al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahri in drone strike (en) (August 1, 2022).
  11. ↑ CIA drone strike kills al-Qaida leader Ayman al-Zawahri in Afghanistan, August 1, 2022.
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