Belarussian language: Difference between revisions

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imported>Domergue Sumien
(Belarussian alphabets)
imported>Domergue Sumien
(phonetic transcription: [xxx], not /xxx/, corrected from Wikipedia)
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! pronunciation<br>([[Help:IPA|IPA]])
! pronunciation<br>([[Help:IPA|IPA]])
|-
|-
| '''[[А]]''' &nbsp; '''а''' || '''a''' || '''а''' {{IPA|/a/}} || {{IPA|/a/}}
| '''[[А]]''' &nbsp; '''а''' || '''a''' || '''а''' {{IPA|[a]}} || {{IPA|[a]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Б]]''' &nbsp; '''б''' || '''b''' || '''бэ''' {{IPA|/be/}} || {{IPA|/b/}}
| '''[[Б]]''' &nbsp; '''б''' || '''b''' || '''бэ''' {{IPA|[be]}} || {{IPA|[b]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[В]]''' &nbsp; '''в''' || '''v''' || '''вэ''' {{IPA|/ve/}} || {{IPA|/v/}}
| '''[[В]]''' &nbsp; '''в''' || '''v''' || '''вэ''' {{IPA|[ve]}} || {{IPA|[v]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Г]]''' &nbsp; '''г''' || '''h''' || '''гэ''' {{IPA|/ɣe/}} || {{IPA|/ɣ/}}
| '''[[Г]]''' &nbsp; '''г''' || '''h''' || '''гэ''' {{IPA|[ɣe]}} || {{IPA|[ɣ]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Д]]''' &nbsp; '''д''' || '''d''' || '''дэ''' {{IPA|/de/}} || {{IPA|/d/}}
| '''[[Д]]''' &nbsp; '''д''' || '''d''' || '''дэ''' {{IPA|[de]}} || {{IPA|[d]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Е]]''' &nbsp; '''е''' || '''ie''' (initially of after vowel: '''je''') || '''е''' {{IPA|/je/}} || {{IPA|/je}}, {{IPA|/ʲe/}}
| '''[[Е]]''' &nbsp; '''е''' || '''ie''' (initially of after vowel: '''je''') || '''е''' {{IPA|[je]}} || {{IPA|[je]}}, {{IPA|[ʲe]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Ё]]''' &nbsp; '''ё''' || '''io''' (initially of after vowel: '''jo''') || '''ё''' {{IPA|/jo/}} || {{IPA|/jo/}}, {{IPA|/ʲo/}}
| '''[[Ё]]''' &nbsp; '''ё''' || '''io''' (initially of after vowel: '''jo''') || '''ё''' {{IPA|[jo]}} || {{IPA|[jo]}}, {{IPA|[ʲo]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Ж]]''' &nbsp; '''ж''' || '''ž''' || '''жэ''' {{IPA|/ʒe/}} || {{IPA|/ʒ/}}
| '''[[Ж]]''' &nbsp; '''ж''' || '''ž''' || '''жэ''' {{IPA|[ʒe]}} || {{IPA|[ʒ]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[З]]''' &nbsp; '''з''' || '''z''' || '''зэ''' {{IPA|/ze/}} || {{IPA|/z/}}
| '''[[З]]''' &nbsp; '''з''' || '''z''' || '''зэ''' {{IPA|[ze]}} || {{IPA|[z]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[І]]''' &nbsp; '''і''' || '''i''' || '''і''' {{IPA|/i/}} || {{IPA|/i/}}, {{IPA|/ʲi/}}, {{IPA|/ji/}}
| '''[[І]]''' &nbsp; '''і''' || '''i''' || '''і''' {{IPA|[i]}} || {{IPA|[i]}}, {{IPA|[ʲi]}}, {{IPA|[ji]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Й]]''' &nbsp; '''й''' || '''j''' || '''і нескладовае'''  || {{IPA|/j/}}
| '''[[Й]]''' &nbsp; '''й''' || '''j''' || '''і нескладовае'''  || {{IPA|[j]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[К]]''' &nbsp; '''к''' || '''k''' || '''ка''' {{IPA|/ka/}} || {{IPA|/k/}}
| '''[[К]]''' &nbsp; '''к''' || '''k''' || '''ка''' {{IPA|[ka]}} || {{IPA|[k]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Л]]''' &nbsp; '''л''' || '''l''' || '''эл''' {{IPA|/el/}} || {{IPA|/l/}}
| '''[[Л]]''' &nbsp; '''л''' || '''l''' || '''эл''' {{IPA|[el]}} || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛА]]''' &nbsp; '''ла''' || → &nbsp; '''ła''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''a'') || || {{IPA|/la/}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛА]]''' &nbsp; '''ла''' || → &nbsp; '''ła''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''a'') || || {{IPA|[la]}}
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЯ]]''' &nbsp; '''ля''' || → &nbsp; '''la''' (palatal ''l'' before ''a'')  || || {{IPA|/lʲa/}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЯ]]''' &nbsp; '''ля''' || → &nbsp; '''la''' (palatal ''l'' before ''a'')  || || {{IPA|[lʲa]}}
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЭ]]''' &nbsp; '''лэ''' || → &nbsp; '''łe''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''e'') || || {{IPA|/le/}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЭ]]''' &nbsp; '''лэ''' || → &nbsp; '''łe''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''e'') || || {{IPA|[le]}}
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЕ]]''' &nbsp; '''ле''' || → &nbsp; '''le''' (palatal ''l'' before ''e'') || || {{IPA|/lʲe/}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЕ]]''' &nbsp; '''ле''' || → &nbsp; '''le''' (palatal ''l'' before ''e'') || || {{IPA|[lʲe]}}
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛО]]''' &nbsp; '''ло''' || → &nbsp; '''ło''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''o'') || || {{IPA|/lo/}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛО]]''' &nbsp; '''ло''' || → &nbsp; '''ło''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''o'') || || {{IPA|[lo]}}
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЁ]]''' &nbsp; '''лё''' || → &nbsp; '''lo''' (palatal ''l'' before ''o'') || || {{IPA|/lʲo/}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЁ]]''' &nbsp; '''лё''' || → &nbsp; '''lo''' (palatal ''l'' before ''o'') || || {{IPA|[lʲo]}}
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛУ]]''' &nbsp; '''лу''' || → &nbsp; '''łu''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''u'') || || {{IPA|/lu/}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛУ]]''' &nbsp; '''лу''' || → &nbsp; '''łu''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''u'') || || {{IPA|[lu]}}
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЮ]]''' &nbsp; '''лю''' || → &nbsp; '''lu''' (palatal ''l'' before ''u'') || || {{IPA|/lʲu/}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЮ]]''' &nbsp; '''лю''' || → &nbsp; '''lu''' (palatal ''l'' before ''u'') || || {{IPA|[lʲu]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[М]]''' &nbsp; '''м''' || '''m''' || '''эм''' {{IPA|/em/}} || {{IPA|/m/}}
| '''[[М]]''' &nbsp; '''м''' || '''m''' || '''эм''' {{IPA|[em]}} || {{IPA|[m]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Н]]''' &nbsp; '''н''' || '''n''' ||'''эн''' {{IPA|/en/}} || {{IPA|/n/}}
| '''[[Н]]''' &nbsp; '''н''' || '''n''' ||'''эн''' {{IPA|[en]}} || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[О]]''' &nbsp; '''о''' || '''o''' || '''о''' {{IPA|/o/}} || {{IPA|/o/}}
| '''[[О]]''' &nbsp; '''о''' || '''o''' || '''о''' {{IPA|[o]}} || {{IPA|[o]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[П]]''' &nbsp; '''п''' || '''p''' || '''пэ''' {{IPA|/pe/}} || {{IPA|/p/}}
| '''[[П]]''' &nbsp; '''п''' || '''p''' || '''пэ''' {{IPA|[pe]}} || {{IPA|[p]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Р]]''' &nbsp; '''р''' || '''r''' || '''эр''' {{IPA|/er/}} || {{IPA|/r/}}
| '''[[Р]]''' &nbsp; '''р''' || '''r''' || '''эр''' {{IPA|[er]}} || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[С]]''' &nbsp; '''с''' || '''s''' || '''эс''' {{IPA|/es/}} || {{IPA|/s/}}
| '''[[С]]''' &nbsp; '''с''' || '''s''' || '''эс''' {{IPA|[es]}} || {{IPA|[s]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Т]]''' &nbsp; '''т''' || '''t''' || '''тэ''' {{IPA|/te/}} || {{IPA|/t/}}
| '''[[Т]]''' &nbsp; '''т''' || '''t''' || '''тэ''' {{IPA|[te]}} || {{IPA|[t]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[У]]''' &nbsp; '''у''' || '''u''' || '''у''' {{IPA|/u/}} || {{IPA|/u/}}
| '''[[У]]''' &nbsp; '''у''' || '''u''' || '''у''' {{IPA|[u]}} || {{IPA|[u]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Ў]]''' &nbsp; '''ў''' || '''ŭ''' || '''у нескладовае''' /<br/>'''у кароткае'''<br/>{{IPA|/u ɲeskladoˈvaje/}}<br/> {{IPA|/u kaˈrotkaje/}} || {{IPA|/w/}}
| '''[[Ў]]''' &nbsp; '''ў''' || '''ŭ''' || '''у нескладовае''' /<br/>'''у кароткае'''<br/>{{IPA|[u ɲeskladoˈvaje]}}<br/> {{IPA|[u kaˈrotkaje]}} || {{IPA|[w]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Ф]]''' &nbsp; '''ф''' || '''f''' || '''эф''' {{IPA|/ef/}} || {{IPA|/f/}}
| '''[[Ф]]''' &nbsp; '''ф''' || '''f''' || '''эф''' {{IPA|[ef]}} || {{IPA|[f]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Х]]''' &nbsp; '''х''' || '''ch''' || '''ха''' {{IPA|/xa/}} || {{IPA|/x/}}
| '''[[Х]]''' &nbsp; '''х''' || '''ch''' || '''ха''' {{IPA|[xa]}} || {{IPA|[x]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Ц]]''' &nbsp; '''ц''' || '''c''' || '''цэ''' {{IPA|/tse/}} || {{IPA|/ts/}}
| '''[[Ц]]''' &nbsp; '''ц''' || '''c''' || '''цэ''' {{IPA|[tse]}} || {{IPA|[ts]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Ч]]''' &nbsp; '''ч''' || '''č''' || '''чэ''' {{IPA|/tʃe/}} || {{IPA|/tʃ/}}
| '''[[Ч]]''' &nbsp; '''ч''' || '''č''' || '''чэ''' {{IPA|[tʃe]}} || {{IPA|[tʃ]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Ш]]''' &nbsp; '''ш''' || '''š''' || '''ша''' {{IPA|/ʃa/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}}
| '''[[Ш]]''' &nbsp; '''ш''' || '''š''' || '''ша''' {{IPA|[ʃa]}} || {{IPA|[ʃ]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Ы]]''' &nbsp; '''ы''' || '''y''' || '''ы''' {{IPA|/ɨ/}} || {{IPA|/ɪ/}}
| '''[[Ы]]''' &nbsp; '''ы''' || '''y''' || '''ы''' {{IPA|[ɨ]}} || {{IPA|[ɨ]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Ь]]''' &nbsp; '''ь''' || '''´''' || '''мяккі знак'''<br/>{{IPA|/ˈmʲakkʲi znak/}} || {{IPA|/ʲ/}}
| '''[[Ь]]''' &nbsp; '''ь''' || '''´''' || '''мяккі знак'''<br/>{{IPA|[ˈmʲakkʲi znak]}} || {{IPA|[ʲ]}}
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ДЗЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''дзь''' || → &nbsp; '''dź''' (palatal ''dz'') || || {{IPA|/dzʲ/}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ДЗЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''дзь''' || → &nbsp; '''dź''' (palatal ''dz'') || || {{IPA|[dzʲ]}}
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЗЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''зь''' || → &nbsp; '''ź''' (palatal ''z'') || || {{IPA|/zʲ/}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЗЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''зь''' || → &nbsp; '''ź''' (palatal ''z'') || || {{IPA|[zʲ]}}
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[НЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''нь''' || → &nbsp; '''ń''' (palatal ''n'') || || {{IPA|/nʲ/}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[НЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''нь''' || → &nbsp; '''ń''' (palatal ''n'') || || {{IPA|[nʲ]}}
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[СЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''сь''' || → &nbsp; '''ś'''  (palatal ''s'') || || {{IPA|/sʲ/}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[СЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''сь''' || → &nbsp; '''ś'''  (palatal ''s'') || || {{IPA|[sʲ]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Э]]''' &nbsp; '''э''' || '''e''' || '''э''' {{IPA|/e/}} || {{IPA|/e/}}
| '''[[Э]]''' &nbsp; '''э''' || '''e''' || '''э''' {{IPA|[e]}} || {{IPA|[e]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Ю]]''' &nbsp; '''ю''' || '''iu''' (initially of after vowel: '''ju''') || '''ю''' {{IPA|/ju/}} || {{IPA|/ju/}}, {{IPA|/ʲu/}}
| '''[[Ю]]''' &nbsp; '''ю''' || '''iu''' (initially of after vowel: '''ju''') || '''ю''' {{IPA|[ju]}} || {{IPA|[ju]}}, {{IPA|[ʲu]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Я]]''' &nbsp; '''я''' || '''ia''' (initially of after vowel: '''ja''') || '''я''' {{IPA|/ja/}} || {{IPA|/ja/}}, {{IPA|/ʲa/}}
| '''[[Я]]''' &nbsp; '''я''' || '''ia''' (initially of after vowel: '''ja''') || '''я''' {{IPA|[ja]}} || {{IPA|[ja]}}, {{IPA|[ʲa]}}
|-
|-
| '''[[’]]'''  || - || '''апостраф'''<br />{{IPA|/aˈpostrаf/}} || &nbsp;–
| '''[[’]]'''  || - || '''апостраф'''<br />{{IPA|[aˈpostrаf]}} || &nbsp;–
|}
|}
</div>
</div>

Revision as of 16:52, 2 November 2008

This article is a stub and thus not approved.
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https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Belarussian_language&printable=yes
This editable Main Article is under development and subject to a disclaimer.

Belarussian or Belarusian or Belarusan—formerly called in English Byelorussian, Belorussian, White Russian—(in its own language: беларуская мова / biełaruskaja mova) is a Slavic language mainly spoken in Belarus.

It is one of the two official languages of Belarus, the other one being Russian. Albeit Belarus has been an independent country since 1991, Russian is still the dominant language of the country.

Writing system

Belarussian may be written with the Cyrillic alphabet, which is official, or with the Latin alphabet (Łacinka), which is used by part of the population. It is very easy to switch from one to another thanks to a simple system of correspondence. This coexistence of two alphabets resembles the situation of Serbian.

Belarusian Alphabets
Cyrillic alphabet
(official) 		Łacinka or
Latin alphabet 		letter name pronunciation
(IPA)
А   а a а [a] [a]
Б   б b бэ [be] [b]
В   в v вэ [ve] [v]
Г   г h гэ [ɣe] [ɣ]
Д   д d дэ [de] [d]
Е   е ie (initially of after vowel: je) е [je] [je], [ʲe]
Ё   ё io (initially of after vowel: jo) ё [jo] [jo], [ʲo]
Ж   ж ž жэ [ʒe] [ʒ]
З   з z зэ [ze] [z]
І   і i і [i] [i], [ʲi], [ji]
Й   й j і нескладовае [j]
К   к k ка [ka] [k]
Л   л l эл [el] [l]
→   ЛА   ла →   ła (non palatal l before a) [la]
→   ЛЯ   ля →   la (palatal l before a) [lʲa]
→   ЛЭ   лэ →   łe (non palatal l before e) [le]
→   ЛЕ   ле →   le (palatal l before e) [lʲe]
→   ЛО   ло →   ło (non palatal l before o) [lo]
→   ЛЁ   лё →   lo (palatal l before o) [lʲo]
→   ЛУ   лу →   łu (non palatal l before u) [lu]
→   ЛЮ   лю →   lu (palatal l before u) [lʲu]
М   м m эм [em] [m]
Н   н n эн [en] [n]
О   о o о [o] [o]
П   п p пэ [pe] [p]
Р   р r эр [er] [r]
С   с s эс [es] [s]
Т   т t тэ [te] [t]
У   у u у [u] [u]
Ў   ў ŭ у нескладовае /
у кароткае
[u ɲeskladoˈvaje]
[u kaˈrotkaje]		 [w]
Ф   ф f эф [ef] [f]
Х   х ch ха [xa] [x]
Ц   ц c цэ [tse] [ts]
Ч   ч č чэ [tʃe] [tʃ]
Ш   ш š ша [ʃa] [ʃ]
Ы   ы y ы [ɨ] [ɨ]
Ь   ь ´ мяккі знак
[ˈmʲakkʲi znak]		 [ʲ]
→   ДЗЬ   дзь →   dź (palatal dz) [dzʲ]
→   ЗЬ   зь →   ź (palatal z) [zʲ]
→   НЬ   нь →   ń (palatal n) [nʲ]
→   СЬ   сь →   ś (palatal s) [sʲ]
Э   э e э [e] [e]
Ю   ю iu (initially of after vowel: ju) ю [ju] [ju], [ʲu]
Я   я ia (initially of after vowel: ja) я [ja] [ja], [ʲa]
’ - апостраф
[aˈpostrаf]		  –
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