Rifampin: Difference between revisions
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In [[medicine]], '''rifampin''', also called '''rifampicin''', is "a semisynthetic [[antibiotic]] produced from [[Streptomyces mediterranei]]. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms"<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref> | In [[medicine]], '''rifampin''', also called '''rifampicin''', is "a semisynthetic [[antibiotic]] produced from [[Streptomyces mediterranei]]. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms"<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref> | ||
==Therapeutic uses== | |||
It is used both treatment and [[chemoprophylaxis]] of [[tuberculosis]]<ref>{{citation | |||
| journal = Arch Dis Child | year = 2010 | volume = 95 | pages = 600-602 | |||
| doi=10.1136/adc.2010.182600 | |||
| url = http://adc.bmj.com/content/95/8/600.abstract | |||
| title = (Abstract) Effectiveness of 3 months of rifampicin and isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in children | |||
| author = R Bright-Thomas, ''et al.'' | |||
}}</ref> and [[leprosy]], as part of [[multidrug therapy]] with [[isoniazid]]. | |||
Among its uses is the treatment of [[staphylococcus aureus]].<ref name="pmid19438638">{{cite journal| author=Nguyen S, Pasquet A, Legout L, Beltrand E, Dubreuil L, Migaud H et al.| title=Efficacy and tolerance of rifampicin-linezolid compared with rifampicin-cotrimoxazole combinations in prolonged oral therapy for bone and joint infections. | journal=Clin Microbiol Infect | year= 2009 | volume= 15 | issue= 12 | pages= 1163-9 | pmid=19438638 | Among its uses is the treatment of [[staphylococcus aureus]].<ref name="pmid19438638">{{cite journal| author=Nguyen S, Pasquet A, Legout L, Beltrand E, Dubreuil L, Migaud H et al.| title=Efficacy and tolerance of rifampicin-linezolid compared with rifampicin-cotrimoxazole combinations in prolonged oral therapy for bone and joint infections. | journal=Clin Microbiol Infect | year= 2009 | volume= 15 | issue= 12 | pages= 1163-9 | pmid=19438638 | ||
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19438638 | doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02761.x }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref> For this purpose, rifampicin (10 mg/kg twice daily, maximum 900 mg twice daily), intravenously for the first week and then given orally, combined with [[Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole combination|cotrimoxazole]] (sulfamethoxazole 40 mg/kg/day, trimethoprim 8 mg/kg/day). | | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=clinical.uthscsa.edu/cite&email=badgett@uthscdsa.edu&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19438638 | doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02761.x }} <!--Formatted by http://sumsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref> For this purpose, rifampicin (10 mg/kg twice daily, maximum 900 mg twice daily), intravenously for the first week and then given orally, combined with [[Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole combination|cotrimoxazole]] (sulfamethoxazole 40 mg/kg/day, trimethoprim 8 mg/kg/day). | ||
The drug is also used for the chemoprophylaxis of ''[[Neisseria meningitidis]]'' meningococcal meningitis. | |||
===Negative research=== | |||
A trial of its use for preventing ''[[Hemophilus influenzae]]'' infection did not suggest it was effective.<ref>{{citation | |||
| journal = J Pediatr | date = 1981 Mar | volume = 98 | issue = 3 | pages =485-91. | |||
| title = (Abstract) Rifampin chemoprophylaxis for household contacts of patients with invasive infections due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. | |||
| author = Daum RS ''et al.'' | |||
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7009819 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{CZMed}} | {{CZMed}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
Revision as of 11:06, 20 August 2010
In medicine, rifampin, also called rifampicin, is "a semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms"[1]
Therapeutic uses
It is used both treatment and chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis[2] and leprosy, as part of multidrug therapy with isoniazid.
Among its uses is the treatment of staphylococcus aureus.[3] For this purpose, rifampicin (10 mg/kg twice daily, maximum 900 mg twice daily), intravenously for the first week and then given orally, combined with cotrimoxazole (sulfamethoxazole 40 mg/kg/day, trimethoprim 8 mg/kg/day).
The drug is also used for the chemoprophylaxis of Neisseria meningitidis meningococcal meningitis.
Negative research
A trial of its use for preventing Hemophilus influenzae infection did not suggest it was effective.[4]
External links
The most up-to-date information about Rifampin and other drugs can be found at the following sites.
- Rifampin - FDA approved drug information (drug label) from DailyMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
- Rifampin - Drug information for consumers from MedlinePlus (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
- Rifampin - Detailed information from DrugBank.
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Rifampin (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ R Bright-Thomas, et al. (2010), "(Abstract) Effectiveness of 3 months of rifampicin and isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in children", Arch Dis Child 95: 600-602, DOI:10.1136/adc.2010.182600
- ↑ Nguyen S, Pasquet A, Legout L, Beltrand E, Dubreuil L, Migaud H et al. (2009). "Efficacy and tolerance of rifampicin-linezolid compared with rifampicin-cotrimoxazole combinations in prolonged oral therapy for bone and joint infections.". Clin Microbiol Infect 15 (12): 1163-9. DOI:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02761.x. PMID 19438638. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Daum RS et al. (1981 Mar), "(Abstract) Rifampin chemoprophylaxis for household contacts of patients with invasive infections due to Haemophilus influenzae type b.", J Pediatr 98 (3): 485-91.