Chiropractic/Bibliography

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• More Than One-Third of U.S. Adults Use Complementary and Alternative Medicine, According to New Government Survey Press Release, May 27 2004, available online
• Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Adults: United States, 2002 (Report), May 27 2004,
• Burton, Bernard. "Chiropractic Management of Low Back Pain" Cleveland Clinic: Spinal Care 2000 Symposium. March 30, 2000.
• Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook
• Insurance Coverage for chiropractic
• chiropractic in Australia

• Bigos S et al. Acute Low Back Problems in Adults Clinical Practice Guideline No. 14.
• AHCPR Publication No 95-0642. Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. December 1994.
• Boline PD et al. (1995) Spinal manipulation vs amitriptyline for the treatment of chronic tension-type headaches: A randomized clinical trial. J Manip Physiol Ther 18:148-54.
• Dobson A, Freyer T, Levinson J. Integration of Chiropractic Services with Managed Care. Fairfax, VA : The Lewin Group, 1997.
• Eisenberg DM et al. (1993) Unconventional medicine in the United States: Prevalence, costs, and patterns of use. New Eng J Med 328:246-52.
• Haldeman 5, Chapman-Smith D, Petersen D (eds). Guidelines for Chiropractic Quality Assurance and Practice Parameters: Proceedings of the Mercy Center Consensus Conference. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, 1992.
• Hansen JP, Futch DB. Chiropractic services in a staff model HMO: Utilization and satisfaction. HMO Practice 11;39-42.
• Horwitz AD et al. (1995) Making the case for chiropractic referrals. Managed Care ,4:33-34.
• Lippman H (1996) Results of the Business & Health 1996 Executive Opinion Poll. Business & Health December ;45-57.
• Manga P et al.(1993) A Study to Examine the Effectiveness and Cost Effectiveness of Chiropractic Management of Low-Back Pain. Richmond Hills, Ontario: Kenilworth Publishing
• Maust, 'et al. The Chiropractic Patient in Rural, Health Professional Shortage Areas of the United States: An Exploratory Analysis. Richmond, VA Research Dimensions Incorporated, 1994.
• Meade T et al. (1995) Randomized comparison of chiropractic and hospital outpatient, management for low back pain: results from extended follow-up. British Medical Journal 3:349-51.

Mosley C et al. (1996) Cost-effectiveness of chiropractic care in a managed care setting. American Journal of Managed Care 2:280-82.

• Chirstensen MG, Morgan DRD (1993) Job analysis of chiropractic: a project report, survey analysis and summary of the practice of chiropractic within the United States. Greeley, CO: National Board of Chiropractic Examiners,
• Palsbo SE (1995) Chiropractic care in health maintenance organizations. J Amer Chiro Assoc 32:50-52
• Shekelle PG et al. (1992) Spinal manipulation for low-back pain. Ann Intern Med 117:590-8
• Stano M, Smith M (1996) Chiropractic and medical costs of low back care. Medical Care 34:191-204.

Clinical Trials

• Balon J et al. (1998) A Comparison of Active and Simulated Chiropractic Manipulation as Adjunctive Treatment for Childhood Asthma. New Eng J Med 339:1013-1020 ("In children with mild or moderate asthma, the addition of chiropractic spinal manipulation to usual medical care provided no benefit.")

• Guiney PA et al. (2005) Effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment on pediatric patients with asthma: A randomized controlled trial. J Amer Osteopathic Assoc 105:7-12. (Study “conducted a randomized controlled trial attempting to demonstrate the therapeutic relevance of OMT in the pediatric asthma population. With a confidence level of 95%, results for the OMT group showed a statistically significant improvement of 7 L per minute to 9 L per minute for peak expiratory flow rates. These results suggest that OMT has a therapeutic effect among this patient population.”)
• Bockenhauer SE et al.(2002) Quantifiable effects of osteopathic manipulative techniques on patients with chronic asthma JAOA 102:371-75 ("subjective evaluation of symptoms improved slightly after OM procedures compared with sham procedures, but the difference was not statistically significant")
• Vohra S et al. (2007). Adverse events associated with pediatric spinal manipulation: a systematic review. Pediatrics 119:e275-e283

("Serious adverse events may be associated with pediatric spinal manipulation; neither causation nor incidence rates can be inferred from observational data. Conduct of a prospective population-based active surveillance study is required to properly assess the possibility of rare, yet serious, adverse events as a result of spinal manipulation on pediatric patients.")

• Meeker WC, Haldeman S ( ) Chiropractic: a profession at the crossroads of mainstream and alternative medicine. Ann Intern Med 136:216-227 (includes historical data)
• Astin JA et al. (1998) A review of the incorporation of complementary and alternative medicine by mainstream physicians Arch Intern Med 158:2303-2310

(CAM (complementary/alternative medicine) study showing rate of acceptance amongst medical practioners.)

• Smith M,Carber L (2002) Chiropractic health care in health professional shortage areas in the United States. Amer J Public Health 92:(This study is the flip side of the Astin et al. review, in that it reports on the extent to which chiropractors refer to medical practioners.)