Chiropractic/Bibliography

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Bigos S, Bowyer O, Braen G, et al. Acute Low Back Problems in Adults Clinical Practice Guideline No. 14.

AHCPR Publication No 95-0642. Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. December 1994.

Boline PD, Kassak K, Bronfort G, et al. Spinal manipulation vs amitriptyline for the treatment of chronic tension-type headaches: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 1995;18(3): 148-54.

Dobson A, Freyer T, Levinson J. Integration of Chiropractic Services with Managed Care. Fairfax, VA : The Lewin Group, 1997.

Eisenberg DM, Kessler RC, Foster C, et al. Unconventional medicine in the United States: Prevalence, costs, and patterns of use. New England Journal of Medicine 1993; 328: 246-52.

Haldeman 5, Chapman-Smith D, Petersen D (eds). Guidelines for Chiropractic Quality Assurance and Practice Parameters: Proceedings of the Mercy Center Consensus Conference. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, 1992.

Hansen JP, Futch DB. Chiropractic services in a staff model HMO: Utilization and satisfaction. HMO Practice 11(1);39-42.

Horwitz AD, Hosek RS, Codario R. Making the case for chiropractic referrals. Managed Care 1995,4(1): 33-34.

Lippman H. Results of the Business & Health 1996 Executive Opinion Poll. Business & Health December 1996;45-57.

Manga P, Angus D, Papadopolous C, Swan W. A Study to Examine the Effectiveness and Cost Effectiveness of Chiropractic Management of Low-Back Pain. Richmond Hills, Ontario: Kenilworth Publishing, 1993.

Maust, et al. The Chiropractic Patient in Rural, Health Professional Shortage Areas of the United States: An Exploratory Analysis. Richmond, VA Research Dimensions Incorporated, 1994.

Meade T, Dyer S, Browne W, Frank AO. Randomized comparison of chiropractic and hospital outpatient, management for low back pain: results from extended follow-up. British Medical Journal 1995;3(11): 349-51.

Mosley C, Cohen I, Arnold R. Cost-effectiveness of chiropractic care in a managed care setting. American Journal of Managed Care. 1996; 2(3): 280-82.

Chirstensen MG, Morgan DRD. Job analysis of chiropractic: a project report, survey analysis and summary of the practice of chiropractic within the United States. Greeley, CO: National Board of Chiropractic Examiners, 1993.

Palsbo SE. Chiropractic care in health maintenance organizations. Journal of the American Chiropractic Association1995; 32(9): 50-52.

Shekelle PG, Adams AH, Chassin MR, et al. Spinal manipulation for low-back pain. Annals of Internal Medicine 1992; 117(7): 590-598

Stano M, Smith M. Chiropractic and Medical Costs of Low Back Care. Medical Care 1996; 34(3) :191-204.


Clinical Trial

  • Jeffrey Balon, M.D., Peter D. Aker, D.C., Edward R. Crowther, D.C., Clark Danielson, M.P.A., P. Gerard Cox, M.B., Denise O'Shaughnessy, Corinne Walker, Charles H. Goldsmith, Ph.D., Eric Duku, M.Sc., and Malcolm R. Sears, M.B. (1998) A Comparison of Active and Simulated Chiropractic Manipulation as Adjunctive Treatment for Childhood Asthma. Volume 339:1013-1020, [1]

Study states that "In children with mild or moderate asthma, the addition of chiropractic spinal manipulation to usual medical care provided no benefit." and that there were no previous clinical trials in the literature that met methodological criteria.

  • Peter A. Guiney, DO; Rick Chou, DO; Andrea Vianna, MD; Jay Lovenheim, DO (2006) Effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment on Pediatric Patients With Asthma: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of the American Osteopathic Assoc. JAOA • Vol 105 • No 1 • January 2005 • 7-12. [2]

Study stated that they “conducted a randomized controlled trial attempting to demonstrate the therapeutic relevance of OMT in the pediatric asthma population. With a confidence level of 95%, results for the OMT group showed a statistically significant improvement of 7 L per minute to 9 L per minute for peak expiratory flow rates. These results suggest that OMT has a therapeutic effect among this patient population.”

  • S E. Bockenhauer, DO; K. N. Julliard, MA, MFA; Kim S. L., DO; E. Huang, BS; A. M. Sheth, BS (2002) Quantifiable effects of osteopathic manipulative techniques on patients with chronic asthma JAOA • Vol 102 • No 7 • July 2002 pp 371-75 [3]

Study states that,” subjective evaluation of symptoms improved slightly after OM procedures compared with sham procedures, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Review of the literature

  • Sunita Vohra, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Bradley C. Johnston, ND, Kristie Cramer, MSc and Kim Humphreys, DC, PhD (2007). Adverse Events Associated With Pediatric Spinal Manipulation: A Systematic Review. PEDIATRICS Vol. 119 No. 1 January, pp. e275-e283 [4]

CONCLUSIONS: Serious adverse events may be associated with pediatric spinal manipulation; neither causation nor incidence rates can be inferred from observational data. Conduct of a prospective population-based active surveillance study is required to properly assess the possibility of rare, yet serious, adverse events as a result of spinal manipulation on pediatric patients. -


Review of the Discipline

  • William C. Meeker, DC, MPH, and Scott Haldeman, DC, PhD, MD, FRCP(C) Chiropractic: A Profession at the Crossroads of Mainstream and Alternative Medicine. Annals of Internal Medicine. 5 February Volume 136 Issue 3. Pages 216-227[5]

This is very interesting and good historical data as well.

  • Monica Smith, DC, PhD and Lynne Carber, BS (2002) Chiropractic Health Care in Health Professional Shortage Areas in the United States. American Journal of Public Health. December 2002, Vol 92, No. 12 [6]

This study is the flip side of the first CAM review (Astin et al) in that it reports on the extent to which chiropractors refer to medical practioners.

Review of Complimentary or Alternative Medicine

  • John A. Astin, PhD; Ariane Marie, BA; Kenneth R. Pelletier, PhD; Erik Hansen; William L. Haskell, PhD. (1998) A Review of the Incorporation of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by Mainstream Physicians Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:2303-2310.[7]

CAM (complementary/alternative medicine) study showing rate of acceptance amongst medical practioners.

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