Rifampin
In medicine, rifampin, also called rifampicin, is "a semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms"[1]
Therapeutic uses
It is used both treatment and chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis[2]. World Health Organization recommendations for leprosy use rifampin as part of multidrug therapy either with dapsone, or dapsone and clofazimine.
Among its uses is the treatment of staphylococcus aureus.[3] For this purpose, rifampicin (10 mg/kg twice daily, maximum 900 mg twice daily), intravenously for the first week and then given orally, combined with cotrimoxazole (sulfamethoxazole 40 mg/kg/day, trimethoprim 8 mg/kg/day).
The drug is also used for the chemoprophylaxis of Neisseria meningitidis meningococcal meningitis.
Negative research
A trial of its use for preventing Hemophilus influenzae infection did not suggest it was effective.[4]
External links
The most up-to-date information about Rifampin and other drugs can be found at the following sites.
- Rifampin - FDA approved drug information (drug label) from DailyMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
- Rifampin - Drug information for consumers from MedlinePlus (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
- Rifampin - Detailed information from DrugBank.
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Rifampin (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ R Bright-Thomas, et al. (2010), "(Abstract) Effectiveness of 3 months of rifampicin and isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in children", Arch Dis Child 95: 600-602, DOI:10.1136/adc.2010.182600
- ↑ Nguyen S, Pasquet A, Legout L, Beltrand E, Dubreuil L, Migaud H et al. (2009). "Efficacy and tolerance of rifampicin-linezolid compared with rifampicin-cotrimoxazole combinations in prolonged oral therapy for bone and joint infections.". Clin Microbiol Infect 15 (12): 1163-9. DOI:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02761.x. PMID 19438638. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Daum RS et al. (1981 Mar), "(Abstract) Rifampin chemoprophylaxis for household contacts of patients with invasive infections due to Haemophilus influenzae type b.", J Pediatr 98 (3): 485-91.