39th United States Congress

The Thirty-ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States of America federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1865 to March 3, 1867, during the second administration of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, and the first two years of the administration of his successor, U.S. President Andrew Johnson.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eighth Census of the United States in 1860. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

Dates of sessions

March 4, 1865 - March 3, 1867

• Special session of the Senate: March 4, 1865 – March 11, 1865
• First session: December 4, 1865 - July 28, 1866
• Second session: December 3, 1866 - March 3, 1867
• Previous congress: 38th Congress
  
• Next congress: 40th Congress

Party summary

Tennessee was readmitted to representation in this Congress.

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate Democratic (D): 11 Republican (R): 39 (majority) Unionist (U): 1 Unconditional Unionist (UU): 3 TOTAL members: 54

House of Representatives Democratic (D): 38 Republican (R): 136 (majority) Independent Republican (IR): 1 (majority) Unionist (U): 5 Unconditional Unionist (UU): 13 TOTAL members: 193

Leadership

Senate

• Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
  • Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, succeeded to the presidency April 15, 1865, vacant thereafter.
• President pro tempore of the Senate:
  • Lafayette S. Foster, Republican of Connecticut, elected May 7, 1865.
  • Benjamin F. Wade, Republican of Ohio, elected March 2, 1867.

House of Representatives

• Speaker of the House
  • Schuyler Colfax, Republican of Indiana, reelected December 4, 1865.

House of Representatives

• Republican Conference Chairman:
  • Justin S. Morrill of Vermont

Major events

Events of 1865, 1866 and 1867

• April 15, 1865 -- Andrew Johnson became President of the United States of America

Major legislation

List of United States federal legislation in the 39th Congress

• April 9, 1866 -- Civil Rights Act of 1866
• July 16, 1866 -- Freedmen's Bureau Bill
• March 1, 1867 -- Nebraska was admitted as a state into the Union.

Membership highlights by chamber

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1870; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1866.

Alabama 2: vacant 3: vacant Arkansas 2: vacant 3: vacant California 3: James A. McDougall (D) 1: John Conness (R) Connecticut 3: La Fayette S. Foster (R) 1: James Dixon (R) Delaware 2: Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (D) 1: George Read Riddle (D) Florida 1: vacant 3: vacant Georgia 2: vacant 3: vacant Illinois 3: Lyman Trumbull (R) 2: Richard Yates (R) Indiana 3: Henry S. Lane (R) 1: Thomas A. Hendricks (D) Iowa 3: James Harlan (R) Samuel J. Kirkwood (R) 2: James W. Grimes (R) Kansas 3: Samuel C. Pomeroy (R) 2: James H. Lane (R) Edmund G. Ross (R) Kentucky 3: Garrett Davis (D) 2: James Guthrie (D)

Louisiana 2: vacant 3: vacant Maine 1: Lot M. Morrill (R) 2: William Pitt Fessenden (R) Maryland 1: Reverdy Johnson (D) 3: John A. J. Creswell (UU) Massachusetts 1: Charles Sumner (R) 2: Henry Wilson (R) Michigan 1: Zachariah Chandler (R) 2: Jacob M. Howard (R) Minnesota 1: Alexander Ramsey (R) 2: Daniel S. Norton (R) Mississippi 1: vacant 2: vacant Missouri 1: John B. Henderson (R) 3: B. Gratz Brown (R) Nebraska 2: John M. Thayer (R) 1: Thomas W. Tipton (R) Nevada 1: William M. Stewart (R) 3: James W. Nye (R) New Hampshire 3: Daniel Clark (R) George G. Fogg (R) 2: Aaron H. Cragin (R) New Jersey 1: William Wright (D) Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R) 2: John P. Stockton (D) Alexander G. Cattell (R)

New York 3: Ira Harris (R) 1: Edwin D. Morgan (R) North Carolina 2: vacant 3: vacant Ohio 1: Benjamin F. Wade (R) 3: John Sherman (R) Oregon 3: James W. Nesmith (D) 2: George H. Williams (R) Pennsylvania 3: Edgar Cowan (R) 1: Charles R. Buckalew (D) Rhode Island 2: Henry B. Anthony (R) 1: William Sprague (R) South Carolina 2: vacant 3: vacant Tennessee 2: Joseph S. Fowler (UU) 1: David T. Patterson (U) Texas 1: vacant 2: vacant Vermont 1: Solomon Foot (R) George F. Edmunds (R) 3: Jacob Collamer (R) Luke P. Poland (R) Virginia 1: vacant 2: vacant West Virginia 1: Peter G. Van Winkle (UU) 2: Waitman T. Willey (R) Wisconsin 1: James R. Doolittle (R) 3: Timothy O. Howe (R)

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Alabama all seats vacant Arkansas all seats vacant California 1: Donald C. McRuer (R) 2: William Higby (R) 3: John Bidwell (R) Connecticut 1: Henry C. Deming (R) 2: Samuel L. Warner (R) 3: Augustus Brandegee (R) 4: John H. Hubbard (R) Delaware A/L: John A. Nicholson (D) Florida all seats vacant Georgia all seats vacant Illinois 1: John Wentworth (R) 2: John F. Farnsworth (R) 3: Elihu B. Washburne (R) 4: Abner C. Harding (R) 5: Ebon C. Ingersoll (R) 6: Burton C. Cook (R) 7: Henry P. H. Bromwell (R) 8: Shelby M. Cullom (R) 9: Lewis W. Ross (D) 10: Anthony Thornton (D) 11: Samuel S. Marshall (D) 12: Jehu Baker (R) 13: Andrew J. Kuykendall (R) A/L: Samuel W. Moulton (R) Indiana 1: William E. Niblack (D) 2: Michael C. Kerr (D) 3: Ralph Hill (R) 4: John H. Farquhar (R) 5: George W. Julian (R) 6: Ebenezer Dumont (R) 7: Daniel W. Voorhees (D) Henry D. Washburn (R) 8: Godlove S. Orth (R) 9: Schuyler Colfax (R) 10: Joseph H. Defrees (R) 11: Thomas N. Stilwell (R) Iowa 1: James F. Wilson (R) 2: Hiram Price (R) 3: William B. Allison (R) 4: Josiah B. Grinnell (R) 5: John A. Kasson (R) 6: Asahel W. Hubbard (R) Kansas A/L: Sidney Clarke (R) Kentucky 1: Lawrence S. Trimble (D) 2: Burwell C. Ritter (D) 3: Henry Grider (D) Elijah Hise (D) 4: Aaron Harding (D) 5: Lovell H. Rousseau (UU) 6: Green C. Smith (UU) Andrew H. Ward (D) 7: George S. Shanklin (D) 8: William H. Randall (UU) 9: Samuel McKee (UU) Louisiana all seats vacant Maine 1: John Lynch (R) 2: Sidney Perham (R) 3: James G. Blaine (R) 4: John H. Rice (R) 5: Frederick A. Pike (R) Maryland 1: Hiram McCullough (D) 2: Edwin H. Webster (UU) John L. Thomas, Jr. (UU) 3: Charles E. Phelps (UU) 4: Francis Thomas (UU) 5: Benjamin G. Harris (D)

Massachusetts 1: Thomas D. Eliot (R) 2: Oakes Ames (R) 3: Alexander H. Rice (R) 4: Samuel Hooper (R) 5: John B. Alley (R) 6: Daniel W. Gooch (R) Nathaniel P. Banks (R) 7: George S. Boutwell (R) 8: John D. Baldwin (R) 9: William B. Washburn (R) 10: Henry L. Dawes (R) Michigan 1: Fernando C. Beaman (R) 2: Charles Upson (R) 3: John W. Longyear (R) 4: Thomas W. Ferry (R) 5: Rowland E. Trowbridge (R) 6: John F. Driggs (R) Minnesota 1: William Windom (R) 2: Ignatius L. Donnelly (R) Mississippi all seats vacant Missouri 1: John Hogan (D) 2: Henry T. Blow (R) 3: Thomas E. Noell (R) 4: John R. Kelso (IR) 5: Joseph W. McClurg (R) 6: Robert T. Van Horn (R) 7: Benjamin F. Loan (R) 8: John F. Benjamin (R) 9: George W. Anderson (R) Nebraska A/L: Turner M. Marquette (R) Nevada A/L: Delos R. Ashley (R) New Hampshire 1: Gilman Marston (R) 2: Edward H. Rollins (R) 3: James W. Patterson (R) New Jersey 1: John F. Starr (R) 2: William A. Newell (R) 3: Charles Sitgreaves (D) 4: Andrew J. Rogers (D) 5: Edwin R. V. Wright (D) New York 1: Stephen Taber (D) 2: Teunis G. Bergen (D) 3: James Humphrey (R) John W. Hunter (D) 4: Morgan Jones (D) 5: Nelson Taylor (D) 6: Henry J. Raymond (R) 7: John W. Chanler (D) 8: James Brooks (D) William E. Dodge (R) 9: William A. Darling (R) 10: William Radford (D) 11: Charles H. Winfield (D) 12: John H. Ketcham (R) 13: Edwin N. Hubbell (D) 14: Charles Goodyear (D) 15: John A. Griswold (R) 16: Orlando Kellogg (R) Robert S. Hale (R) 17: Calvin T. Hulburd (R) 18: James M. Marvin (R) 19: Demas Hubbard, Jr. (R) 20: Addison H. Laflin (R) 21: Roscoe Conkling (R) 22: Sidney T. Holmes (R) 23: Thomas T. Davis (R) 24: Theodore M. Pomeroy (R) 25: Daniel Morris (R) 26|: Giles W. Hotchkiss (R) 27: Hamilton Ward, Sr. (R) 28: Roswell Hart (R) 29: Burt Van Horn (R) 30: James M. Humphrey (D) 31: Henry H. Van Aernam (R)

North Carolina all seats vacant Ohio 1: Benjamin Eggleston (R) 2: Rutherford B. Hayes (R) 3: Robert C. Schenck (R) 4: William Lawrence (R) 5: Francis C. Le Blond (D) 6: Reader W. Clarke (R) 7: Samuel Shellabarger (R) 8: James R. Hubbell (R) 9: Ralph P. Buckland (R) 10: James M. Ashley (R) 11: Hezekiah S. Bundy (R) 12: William E. Finck (D) 13: Columbus Delano (R) 14: Martin Welker (R) 15: Tobias A. Plants (R) 16: John A. Bingham (R) 17: Ephraim R. Eckley (R) 18: Rufus P. Spalding (R) 19: James A. Garfield (R) Oregon A/L: James H. D. Henderson (R) Pennsylvania 1: Samuel J. Randall (D) 2: Charles O'Neill (R) 3: Leonard Myers (R) 4: William D. Kelley (R) 5: M. Russell Thayer (R) 6: Benjamin M. Boyer (D) 7: John M. Broomall (R) 8: Sydenham E. Ancona (D) 9: Thaddeus Stevens (R) 10: Myer Strouse (D) 11: Philip Johnson (D) 12: Charles Denison (D) 13: Ulysses Mercur (R) 14: George F. Miller (R) 15: Adam J. Glossbrenner (D) 16: Alexander H. Coffroth (D) William H. Koontz (R) 17: Abraham A. Barker (R) 18: Stephen F. Wilson (R) 19: Glenni W. Scofield (R) 20: Charles V. Culver (R) 21: John L. Dawson (D) 22: James K. Moorhead (R) 23: Thomas Williams (R) 24: George V. Lawrence (R) Rhode Island 1: Thomas A. Jenckes (R) 2: Nathan F. Dixon, Jr. (R) South Carolina all seats vacant Tennessee 1: Nathaniel G. Taylor (U) 2: Horace Maynard (UU) 3: William B. Stokes (UU) 4: Edmund Cooper (U) 5: William B. Campbell (U) 6: Samuel M. Arnell (UU) 7: Isaac R. Hawkins (U) 8: John W. Leftwich (U) Texas all seats vacant Vermont 1: Frederick E. Woodbridge (R) 2: Justin S. Morrill (R) 3: Portus Baxter (R) Virginia all seats vacant West Virginia 1: Chester D. Hubbard (UU) 2: George R. Latham (UU) 3: Kellian V. Whaley (UU) Wisconsin 1: Halbert E. Paine (R) 2: Ithamar C. Sloan (R) 3: Amasa Cobb (R) 4: Charles A. Eldredge (D) 5: Philetus Sawyer (R) 6: Walter D. McIndoe (R)

Delegates

:Arizona Territory A/L: John N. Goodwin (R) Colorado Territory A/L: Allen A. Bradford (R) Dakota Territory A/L: Walter A. Burleigh (R)

Idaho Territory A/L: Edward D. Holbrook (D) Montana Territory A/L: Samuel McLean (D) Nebraska Territory A/L: Phineas W. Hitchcock (R)

New Mexico Territory A/L: J. Francisco Chaves (R) Utah Territory A/L: William H. Hooper (D) Washington Territory A/L: Arthur A. Denny (R)

Membership detail by state

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1870; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1866.

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

The list below is arranged by state, then by chamber. Senators are shown in order of seniority, House members in district order.

Alabama

Senate

• 2: vacant
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• all seats vacant

Arkansas

Senate

• 2: vacant
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• all seats vacant

California

Senate

• 3: James A. McDougall (1817-1867), Democratic
• 1: John Conness (1821-1909), Republican

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• 1: Donald C. McRuer (1826-1898), Republican
• 2: William Higby (1813-1887), Republican
• 3: John Bidwell (1819-1900), Republican

Connecticut

Senate

• 3: La Fayette S. Foster (1806-1880), Republican
• 1: James Dixon (1814-1873), Republican

House of Representatives (4 seats)

• 1: Henry C. Deming (1815-1872), Republican
• 2: Samuel L. Warner (1828-1893), Republican
• 3: Augustus Brandegee (1828-1904), Republican
• 4: John H. Hubbard (1804-1872), Republican

Delaware

Senate

• 2: Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (1820-1892), Democratic
• 1: George Read Riddle (1817-1867), Democratic

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: John A. Nicholson (1827-1906), Democratic

Florida

Senate

• 1: vacant
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• all seats vacant

Georgia

Senate

• 2: vacant
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (7 seats)

• all seats vacant

Illinois

Senate

• 3: Lyman Trumbull (1813-1896), Republican
• 2: Richard Yates (1815-1873), Republican

House of Representatives (14 seats)

• 1: John Wentworth (1815-1888), Republican
• 2: John F. Farnsworth (1820-1897), Republican
• 3: Elihu B. Washburne (1816-1887), Republican
• 4: Abner C. Harding (1807-1874), Republican
• 5: Ebon C. Ingersoll (1831-1879), Republican
• 6: Burton C. Cook (1819-1894), Republican
• 7: Henry P. H. Bromwell (1823-1903), Republican
• 8: Shelby M. Cullom (1829-1914), Republican
• 9: Lewis W. Ross (1812-1895), Democratic
• 10: Anthony Thornton (1814-1904), Democratic
• 11: Samuel S. Marshall (1821-1890), Democratic
• 12: Jehu Baker (1822-1903), Republican
• 13: Andrew J. Kuykendall (1815-1891), Republican
• A/L: Samuel W. Moulton (1821-1905), Republican

Indiana

Senate

• 3: Henry S. Lane (1811-1881), Republican
• 1: Thomas A. Hendricks (1819-1885), Democratic

House of Representatives (11 seats)

• 1: William E. Niblack (1822-1893), Democratic
• 2: Michael C. Kerr (1827-1876), Democratic
• 3: Ralph Hill (1827-1899), Republican
• 4: John H. Farquhar (1818-1873), Republican
• 5: George W. Julian (1817-1899), Republican
• 6: Ebenezer Dumont (1814-1871), Republican
• 7: Daniel W. Voorhees (1827-1897), Democratic …contested election, served until February 23, 1866.

  Henry D. Washburn (1832-1871), Republican ...contested election, seated February 23, 1866.

• 8: Godlove S. Orth (1817-1882), Republican
• 9: Schuyler Colfax (1823-1885), Republican
• 10: Joseph H. Defrees (1812-1885), Republican
• 11: Thomas N. Stilwell (1830-1874), Republican

Iowa

Senate

• 3: James Harlan (1820-1899), Republican ...resigned May 15, 1865.

  Samuel J. Kirkwood (1813-1894), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, seated January 24, 1866.

• 2: James W. Grimes (1816-1872), Republican

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• 1: James F. Wilson (1828-1895), Republican
• 2: Hiram Price (1814-1901), Republican
• 3: William B. Allison (1829-1908), Republican
• 4: Josiah B. Grinnell (1821-1891), Republican
• 5: John A. Kasson (1822-1910), Republican
• 6: Asahel W. Hubbard (1819-1879), Republican

Kansas

Senate

• 3: Samuel C. Pomeroy (1816-1891), Republican
• 2: James H. Lane (1814-1866), Republican ...died July 11, 1866.

  Edmund G. Ross (1826-1907), Republican ...appointed to fill vacancy, seated July 25, 1866, subsequently elected.

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: Sidney Clarke (1831-1909), Republican

Kentucky

Senate

• 3: Garrett Davis (1801-1872), Democratic
• 2: James Guthrie (1792-1869), Democratic

House of Representatives (9 seats)

• 1: Lawrence S. Trimble (1825-1904), Democratic
• 2: Burwell C. Ritter (1810-1880), Democratic
• 3: Henry Grider (1796-1866), Democratic ...died September 14, 1866.

  Elijah Hise (1802-1867), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1866.

• 4: Aaron Harding (1805-1875), Democratic
• 5: Lovell H. Rousseau (1818-1869), Unconditional Unionist ...resigned July 21, 1866, subsequently reelected, seated December 3, 1866.
• 6: Green C. Smith (1826-1895), Unconditional Unionist ...resigned 1866.

  Andrew H. Ward (1815-1904), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1866.

• 7: George S. Shanklin (1807-1883), Democratic
• 8: William H. Randall (1812-1881), Unconditional Unionist
• 9: Samuel McKee (1833-1898), Unconditional Unionist

Louisiana

Senate

• 2: vacant
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (5 seats)

• all seats vacant

Maine

Senate

• 1: Lot M. Morrill (1813-1883), Republican
• 2: William Pitt Fessenden (1806-1869), Republican

House of Representatives (5 seats)

• 1: John Lynch (1825-1892), Republican
• 2: Sidney Perham (1819-1907), Republican
• 3: James G. Blaine (1830-1893), Republican
• 4: John H. Rice (1816-1911), Republican
• 5: Frederick A. Pike (1816-1886), Republican

Maryland

Senate

• 1: Reverdy Johnson (1796-1876), Democratic
• 3: John A. J. Creswell (1828-1891), Unconditional Unionist ...died January 29, 1867.

House of Representatives (5 seats)

• 1: Hiram McCullough (1813-1885), Democratic
• 2: Edwin H. Webster (1829-1893), Unconditional Unionist ...resigned July 1865, before Congress assembled.

  John L. Thomas, Jr. (1835-1893), Unconditional Unionist ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 4, 1865.

• 3: Charles E. Phelps (1833-1908), Unconditional Unionist
• 4: Francis Thomas (1799-1876), Unconditional Unionist
• 5: Benjamin G. Harris (1805-1895), Democratic

Massachusetts

Senate

• 1: Charles Sumner (1811-1874), Republican
• 2: Henry Wilson (1812-1875), Republican

House of Representatives (10 seats)

• 1: Thomas D. Eliot (1808-1870), Republican
• 2: Oakes Ames (1804-1873), Republican
• 3: Alexander H. Rice (1818-1895), Republican
• 4: Samuel Hooper (1808-1875), Republican
• 5: John B. Alley (1817-1896), Republican
• 6: Daniel W. Gooch (1820-1891), Republican ...resigned September 1, 1865, before Congress assembled.

  Nathaniel P. Banks (1816-1894), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 4, 1865.

• 7: George S. Boutwell (1818-1905), Republican
• 8: John D. Baldwin (1809-1883), Republican
• 9: William B. Washburn (1820-1887), Republican
• 10: Henry L. Dawes (1816-1903), Republican

Michigan

Senate

• 1: Zachariah Chandler (1813-1879), Republican
• 2: Jacob M. Howard (1805-1871), Republican

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• 1: Fernando C. Beaman (1814-1882), Republican
• 2: Charles Upson (1821-1885), Republican
• 3: John W. Longyear (1820-1875), Republican
• 4: Thomas W. Ferry (1827-1896), Republican
• 5: Rowland E. Trowbridge (1821-1881), Republican
• 6: John F. Driggs (1813-1877), Republican

Minnesota

Senate

• 1: Alexander Ramsey (1815-1903), Republican
• 2: Daniel S. Norton (1829-1870), Republican

House of Representatives (2 seats)

• 1: William Windom (1827-1891), Republican
• 2: Ignatius L. Donnelly (1831-1901), Republican

Mississippi

Senate

• 1: vacant
• 2: vacant

House of Representatives (5 seats)

• all seats vacant

Missouri

Senate

• 1: John B. Henderson (1826-1913), Republican
• 3: B. Gratz Brown (1826-1885), Republican

House of Representatives (9 seats)

• 1: John Hogan (1805-1892), Democratic
• 2: Henry T. Blow (1817-1875), Republican
• 3: Thomas E. Noell (1839-1867), Republican
• 4: John R. Kelso (1831-1891), Independent Republican
• 5: Joseph W. McClurg (1818-1900), Republican
• 6: Robert T. Van Horn (1824-1916), Republican
• 7: Benjamin F. Loan (1819-1881), Republican
• 8: John F. Benjamin (1817-1877), Republican
• 9: George W. Anderson (1832-1902), Republican

Nebraska

Senate

• 2: John M. Thayer (1820-1906), Republican ...new state, seated March 4, 1867, in the next Congress.
• 1: Thomas W. Tipton (1817-1899), Republican ...new state, seated March 4, 1867, in the next Congress.

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: Turner M. Marquette (1831-1894), Republican ...new state, seated March 2, 1867.

Nevada

Senate

• 1: William M. Stewart (1827-1909), Republican
• 3: James W. Nye (1815-1876), Republican

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: Delos R. Ashley (1828-1873), Republican

New Hampshire

Senate

• 3: Daniel Clark (1809-1891), Republican ...resigned July 27, 1865.

  George G. Fogg (1813-1881), Republican ...appointed to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1866.

• 2: Aaron H. Cragin (1821-1898), Republican

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• 1: Gilman Marston (1811-1890), Republican
• 2: Edward H. Rollins (1824-1889), Republican
• 3: James W. Patterson (1823-1893), Republican

New Jersey

Senate

• 1: William Wright (1794-1866), Democratic ...died November 1, 1866.

  Alexander G. Cattell (1816-1894), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, September 19, 1866.

• 2: John P. Stockton (1826-1900), Democratic ...contested election, served until March 27, 1866, when his seat was declared vacant.

  Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (1817-1885), Republican ...appointed to fill vacancy, November 12, 1866, subsequently elected.

House of Representatives (5 seats)

• 1: John F. Starr (1818-1904), Republican
• 2: William A. Newell (1817-1901), Republican
• 3: Charles Sitgreaves (1803-1878), Democratic
• 4: Andrew J. Rogers (1828-1900), Democratic
• 5: Edwin R. V. Wright (1812-1871), Democratic

New York

Senate

• 3: Ira Harris (1802-1875), Republican
• 1: Edwin D. Morgan (1811-1883), Republican

House of Representatives (31 seats)

• 1: Stephen Taber (1821-1886), Democratic
• 2: Teunis G. Bergen (1806-1881), Democratic
• 3: James Humphrey (1811-1866), Republican ...died June 16, 1866.

  John W. Hunter (1807-1900), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 4, 1866.

• 4: Morgan Jones (1830-1894), Democratic
• 5: Nelson Taylor (1821-1894), Democratic
• 6: Henry J. Raymond (1820-1869), Republican
• 7: John W. Chanler (1826-1877), Democratic
• 8: James Brooks (1810-1873), Democratic …contested election, served until April 7, 1866.

  William E. Dodge (1805-1883), Republican ...contested election, seated April 7, 1866.

• 9: William A. Darling (1817-1895), Republican
• 10: William Radford (1814-1870), Democratic
• 11: Charles H. Winfield (1822-1888), Democratic
• 12: John H. Ketcham (1832-1906), Republican
• 13: Edwin N. Hubbell (1815- ), Democratic
• 14: Charles Goodyear (1804-1876), Democratic
• 15: John A. Griswold (1822-1872), Republican
• 16: Orlando Kellogg (1809-1865), Republican ...died August 24, 1865.

  Robert S. Hale (1822-1881), Republican ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1866.

• 17: Calvin T. Hulburd (1809-1897), Republican
• 18: James M. Marvin (1809-1901), Republican
• 19: Demas Hubbard, Jr. (1806-1873), Republican
• 20|20}}: Addison H. Laflin (1823-1878), Republican
• 21|21}}: Roscoe Conkling (1829-1888), Republican ...resigned March 4, 1867.
• 22|22}}: Sidney T. Holmes (1815-1890), Republican
• 23|23}}: Thomas T. Davis (1810-1872), Republican
• 24|24}}: Theodore M. Pomeroy (1824-1905), Republican
• 25|25}}: Daniel Morris (1812-1889), Republican
• 26|26}}: Giles W. Hotchkiss (1815-1878), Republican
• 27|27}}: Hamilton Ward, Sr. (1829-1898), Republican
• 28|28}}: Roswell Hart (1824-1883), Republican
• 29|29}}: Burt Van Horn (1823-1896), Republican
• 30|30}}: James M. Humphrey (1819-1899), Democratic
• 31|31}}: Henry H. Van Aernam (1819-1894), Republican

North Carolina

Senate

• 2: vacant
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (7seats)

• all seats vacant

Ohio

Senate

• 1: Benjamin F. Wade (1800-1878), Republican
• 3: John Sherman (1823-1900), Republican

House of Representatives (19 seats)

• 1: Benjamin Eggleston (1816-1888), Republican
• 2: Rutherford B. Hayes (1822-1893), Republican
• 3: Robert C. Schenck (1809-1890), Republican
• 4: William Lawrence (1819-1899), Republican
• 5: Francis C. Le Blond (1821-1902), Democratic
• 6: Reader W. Clarke (1812-1872), Republican
• 7: Samuel Shellabarger (1817-1896), Republican
• 8: James R. Hubbell (1824-1890), Republican
• 9: Ralph P. Buckland (1812-1892), Republican
• 10: James M. Ashley (1824-1896), Republican
• 11: Hezekiah S. Bundy (1817-1895), Republican
• 12: William E. Finck (1822-1901), Democratic
• 13: Columbus Delano (1809-1896), Republican
• 14: Martin Welker (1819-1902), Republican
• 15: Tobias A. Plants (1811-1887), Republican
• 16: John A. Bingham (1815-1900), Republican
• 17: Ephraim R. Eckley (1811-1908), Republican
• 18: Rufus P. Spalding (1798-1886), Republican
• 19: James A. Garfield (1831-1881), Republican

Oregon

Senate

• 3: James W. Nesmith (1820-1885), Democratic
• 2: George H. Williams (1823-1910), Republican

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: James H. D. Henderson (1810-1885), Republican

Pennsylvania

Senate

• 3: Edgar Cowan (1815-1885), Republican
• 1: Charles R. Buckalew (1821-1899), Democratic

House of Representatives (24 seats)

• 1: Samuel J. Randall (1828-1890), Democratic
• 2: Charles O'Neill (1821-1893), Republican
• 3: Leonard Myers (1827-1905), Republican
• 4: William D. Kelley (1814-1890), Republican
• 5: M. Russell Thayer (1819-1906), Republican
• 6: Benjamin M. Boyer (1823-1887), Democratic
• 7: John M. Broomall (1816-1894), Republican
• 8: Sydenham E. Ancona (1824-1913), Democratic
• 9: Thaddeus Stevens (1792-1868), Republican
• 10: Myer Strouse (1825-1878), Democratic
• 11: Philip Johnson (1818-1867), Democratic ...died January 29, 1867.
• 12: Charles Denison (1818-1867), Democratic
• 13: Ulysses Mercur (1818-1887), Republican
• 14: George F. Miller (1809-1885), Republican
• 15: Adam J. Glossbrenner (1810-1889), Democratic
• 16: Alexander H. Coffroth (1828-1906), Democratic …contested election, served until July 18]] 1866.

  William H. Koontz (1830-1911), Republican ...contested election, seated July 18, 1866.

• 17: Abraham A. Barker (1816-1898), Republican
• 18: Stephen F. Wilson (1821-1897), Republican
• 19: Glenni W. Scofield (1817-1891), Republican
• 20: Charles V. Culver (1830-1909), Republican
• 21: John L. Dawson (1813-1870), Democratic
• 22: James K. Moorhead (1806-1884), Republican
• 23: Thomas Williams (1806-1872), Republican
• 24: George V. Lawrence (1818-1904), Republican

Rhode Island

Senate

• 2: Henry B. Anthony (1815-1884), Republican
• 1: William Sprague (1830-1915), Republican

House of Representatives (2 seats)

• 1: Thomas A. Jenckes (1818-1875), Republican
• 2: Nathan F. Dixon, Jr. (1812-1881), Republican

South Carolina

Senate

• 2: vacant
• 3: vacant

House of Representatives (4 seats)

• all seats vacant

Tennessee

Senate

• 2: Joseph S. Fowler (1820-1902), Unconditional Unionist ...readmitted state , seated July 25, 1866.
• 1: David T. Patterson (1818-1891), Unionist ...readmitted state , seated July 28, 1866.

House of Representatives (8 seats)

• 1: Nathaniel G. Taylor (1819-1887), Unionist ...readmitted state, seated July 24, 1866.
• 2: Horace Maynard (1814-1882), Unconditional Unionist ...readmitted state, seated July 24, 1866.
• 3: William B. Stokes (1814-1897), Unconditional Unionist ...readmitted state, seated July 24, 1866.
• 4: Edmund Cooper (1821-1911), Unionist ...readmitted state, seated July 25, 1866.
• 5: William B. Campbell (1807-1867), Unionist ...readmitted state, seated December 3, 1866.
• 6: Samuel M. Arnell (1833-1903), Unconditional Unionist ...readmitted state, seated December 3, 1866.
• 7: Isaac R. Hawkins (1818-1880), Unionist ...readmitted state, seated December 3, 1866.
• 8: John W. Leftwich (1826-1870), Unionist ...readmitted state, seated July 25, 1866.

Texas

Senate

• 1: vacant
• 2: vacant

House of Representatives (4 seats)

• all seats vacant

Vermont

Senate

• 1: Solomon Foot (1802-1866), Republican ...died March 28, 1866.

  George F. Edmunds (1828-1919), Republican ...appointed to fill vacancy, seated April 3, 1866.

• 3: Jacob Collamer (1791-1865), Republican ...died November 9, 1865.

  Luke P. Poland (1815-1887), Republican ...appointed to fill vacancy, seated December 4, 1865.

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• 1: Frederick E. Woodbridge (1818-1888), Republican
• 2: Justin S. Morrill (1810-1898), Republican
• 3: Portus Baxter (1806-1868), Republican

Virginia

Senate

• 1: vacant
• 2: vacant

House of Representatives (8 seats)

• all seats vacant

West Virginia

Senate

• 1: Peter G. Van Winkle (1808-1872), Unconditional Unionist
• 2: Waitman T. Willey (1811-1900), Republican

House of Representatives (3 seats)

• 1: Chester D. Hubbard (1814-1891), Unconditional Unionist
• 2: George R. Latham (1832-1917), Unconditional Unionist
• 3: Kellian V. Whaley (1821-1876), Unconditional Unionist

Wisconsin

Senate

• 1: James R. Doolittle (1815-1897), Republican
• 3: Timothy O. Howe (1816-1883), Republican

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• 1: Halbert E. Paine (1826-1905), Republican
• 2: Ithamar C. Sloan (1822-1898), Republican
• 3: Amasa Cobb (1823-1905), Republican
• 4: Charles A. Eldredge (1820-1896), Democratic
• 5: Philetus Sawyer (1816-1900), Republican
• 6: Walter D. McIndoe (1819-1872), Republican

Delegates

Arizona Territory

• A/L: John N. Goodwin (1824-1887), Republican

Colorado Territory

• A/L: Allen A. Bradford (1815-1888), Republican

Dakota Territory

• A/L: Walter A. Burleigh (1820-1896), Republican

Idaho Territory

• A/L: Edward D. Holbrook (1836-1870), Democratic

Montana Territory

• A/L: Samuel McLean (1826-1877), Democratic

Nebraska Territory

• A/L: Phineas W. Hitchcock (1831-1881), Republican ...admitted as a state, March 1, 1867.

New Mexico Territory

• A/L: J. Francisco Chaves (1833-1904), Republican

Utah Territory

• A/L: William H. Hooper (1813-1882), Democratic

Washington Territory

• A/L: Arthur A. Denny (1822-1899), Republican

Membership detail by Chamber/Party

The list below is arranged by chamber, then by political party. Members are shown in alphabetical order.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress.

Democratic

A-F Charles R. Buckalew, Pennsylvania Garrett Davis, Kentucky

G-O James Guthrie, Kentucky Thomas A. Hendricks, Indiana Reverdy Johnson, Maryland James A. McDougall, California (U.S. state) James W. Nesmith, Oregon

P-Z George Read Riddle, Delaware Willard Saulsbury, Sr., Delaware John P. Stockton, New Jersey William Wright, New Jersey

Republican

A-F Henry B. Anthony, Rhode Island B. Gratz Brown, Missouri Alexander G. Cattell, New Jersey Zachariah Chandler, Michigan Daniel Clark, New Hampshire Jacob Collamer, Vermont John Conness, California (U.S. state) Edgar Cowan, Pennsylvania Aaron H. Cragin, New Hampshire James Dixon, Connecticut James R. Doolittle, Wisconsin George F. Edmunds, Vermont William Pitt Fessenden, Maine George G. Fogg, New Hampshire Solomon Foot, Vermont La Fayette S. Foster, Connecticut Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, New Jersey

G-O James W. Grimes, Iowa James Harlan, Iowa Ira Harris, New York John B. Henderson, Missouri Jacob M. Howard, Michigan Timothy O. Howe, Wisconsin Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa Henry S. Lane, Indiana James H. Lane, Kansas Edwin D. Morgan, New York Lot M. Morrill, Maine Daniel S. Norton, Minnesota James W. Nye, Nevada

P-R Luke P. Poland, Vermont Samuel C. Pomeroy, Kansas Alexander Ramsey, Minnesota Edmund G. Ross, Kansas S-Z John Sherman, Ohio William Sprague, Rhode Island William M. Stewart, Nevada Charles Sumner, Massachusetts John M. Thayer, Nebraska Thomas W. Tipton, Nebraska Lyman Trumbull, Illinois (U.S. state) Benjamin F. Wade, Ohio Waitman T. Willey, West Virginia George H. Williams, Oregon Henry Wilson, Massachusetts Richard Yates, Illinois (U.S. state)

Unconditional Unionist

John A. J. Creswell, Maryland Joseph S. Fowler, Tennessee Peter G. Van Winkle, West Virginia

Unionist

David T. Patterson, Tennessee

House of Representatives

Members of the House of Representatives were elected by popular vote, variously to single member districts or at-large.

Democratic

A-B-C Sydenham E. Ancona, Pennsylvania Teunis G. Bergen, New York Benjamin M. Boyer, Pennsylvania James Brooks, New York John W. Chanler, New York Alexander H. Coffroth, Pennsylvania D-E-F John L. Dawson, Pennsylvania Charles Denison, Pennsylvania Charles A. Eldredge, Wisconsin William E. Finck, Ohio

G-H-I Adam J. Glossbrenner, Pennsylvania Charles Goodyear, New York Henry Grider, Kentucky Aaron Harding, Kentucky Benjamin G. Harris, Maryland Elijah Hise, Kentucky John Hogan, Missouri Edwin N. Hubbell ), New York James M. Humphrey, New York John W. Hunter, New York J-K-L Philip Johnson, Pennsylvania Morgan Jones, New York Michael C. Kerr, Indiana Francis C. Le Blond, Ohio M-N-O Samuel S. Marshall, Illinois (U.S. state) Hiram McCullough, Maryland William E. Niblack, Indiana John A. Nicholson, Delaware

P-Q-R William Radford, New York Samuel J. Randall, Pennsylvania Burwell C. Ritter, Kentucky Andrew J. Rogers, New Jersey Lewis W. Ross, Illinois (U.S. state) S-T-U-V George S. Shanklin, Kentucky Charles Sitgreaves, New Jersey Myer Strouse, Pennsylvania Stephen Taber, New York Nelson Taylor, New York Anthony Thornton, Illinois (U.S. state) Lawrence S. Trimble, Kentucky Daniel W. Voorhees, Indiana W-X-Y-Z Andrew H. Ward, Kentucky Charles H. Winfield, New York Edwin R. V. Wright, New Jersey

Republican

A-B-C John B. Alley, Massachusetts William B. Allison, Iowa Oakes Ames, Massachusetts George W. Anderson, Missouri Delos R. Ashley, Nevada James M. Ashley, Ohio Jehu Baker, Illinois (U.S. state) John D. Baldwin, Massachusetts Nathaniel P. Banks, Massachusetts Abraham A. Barker, Pennsylvania Portus Baxter, Vermont Fernando C. Beaman, Michigan John F. Benjamin, Missouri John Bidwell, California (U.S. state) John A. Bingham, Ohio James G. Blaine, Maine Henry T. Blow, Missouri George S. Boutwell, Massachusetts Augustus Brandegee, Connecticut Henry P. H. Bromwell, Illinois (U.S. state) John M. Broomall, Pennsylvania Ralph P. Buckland, Ohio Hezekiah S. Bundy, Ohio D-E-F Reader W. Clarke, Ohio Sidney Clarke, Kansas Amasa Cobb, Wisconsin Schuyler Colfax, Indiana Roscoe Conkling, New York Burton C. Cook, Illinois (U.S. state) Shelby M. Cullom, Illinois (U.S. state) Charles V. Culver, Pennsylvania William A. Darling, New York Thomas T. Davis, New York Henry L. Dawes, Massachusetts Joseph H. Defrees, Indiana Columbus Delano, Ohio Henry C. Deming, Connecticut Nathan F. Dixon, Jr., Rhode Island William E. Dodge, New York Ignatius L. Donnelly, Minnesota John F. Driggs, Michigan Ebenezer Dumont, Indiana Ephraim R. Eckley, Ohio Benjamin Eggleston, Ohio Thomas D. Eliot, Massachusetts John F. Farnsworth, Illinois (U.S. state) John H. Farquhar, Indiana Thomas W. Ferry, Michigan

G-H-I James A. Garfield, Ohio Daniel W. Gooch, Massachusetts Josiah B. Grinnell, Iowa John A. Griswold, New York Robert S. Hale, New York Abner C. Harding, Illinois (U.S. state) Roswell Hart, New York Rutherford B. Hayes, Ohio James H. D. Henderson, Oregon William Higby, California (U.S. state) Ralph Hill, Indiana Sidney T. Holmes, New York Samuel Hooper, Massachusetts Giles W. Hotchkiss, New York Asahel W. Hubbard, Iowa Demas Hubbard, Jr., New York John H. Hubbard, Connecticut James R. Hubbell, Ohio Calvin T. Hulburd, New York James Humphrey, New York Ebon C. Ingersoll, Illinois (U.S. state) J-K-L Thomas A. Jenckes, Rhode Island George W. Julian, Indiana John A. Kasson, Iowa William D. Kelley, Pennsylvania Orlando Kellogg, New York John H. Ketcham, New York William H. Koontz, Pennsylvania Andrew J. Kuykendall, Illinois (U.S. state) Addison H. Laflin, New York George V. Lawrence, Pennsylvania William Lawrence, Ohio Benjamin F. Loan, Missouri John W. Longyear, Michigan John Lynch, Maine M-N-O Turner M. Marquette, Nebraska Gilman Marston, New Hampshire James M. Marvin, New York Joseph W. McClurg, Missouri Walter D. McIndoe, Wisconsin Donald C. McRuer, California (U.S. state) Ulysses Mercur, Pennsylvania George F. Miller, Pennsylvania James K. Moorhead, Pennsylvania Justin S. Morrill, Vermont Daniel Morris, New York Samuel W. Moulton, Illinois (U.S. state) Leonard Myers, Pennsylvania William A. Newell, New Jersey Thomas E. Noell, Missouri Charles O'Neill, Pennsylvania Godlove S. Orth, Indiana

P-Q-R Halbert E. Paine, Wisconsin James W. Patterson, New Hampshire Sidney Perham, Maine Frederick A. Pike, Maine Tobias A. Plants, Ohio Theodore M. Pomeroy, New York Hiram Price, Iowa Henry J. Raymond, New York Alexander H. Rice, Massachusetts John H. Rice, Maine Edward H. Rollins, New Hampshire S-T-U-V Philetus Sawyer, Wisconsin Robert C. Schenck, Ohio Glenni W. Scofield, Pennsylvania Samuel Shellabarger, Ohio Ithamar C. Sloan, Wisconsin Rufus P. Spalding, Ohio John F. Starr, New Jersey Thaddeus Stevens, Pennsylvania Thomas N. Stilwell, Indiana M. Russell Thayer, Pennsylvania Rowland E. Trowbridge, Michigan Charles Upson, Michigan Henry H. Van Aernam, New York Burt Van Horn, New York Robert T. Van Horn, Missouri W-X-Y-Z Hamilton Ward, Sr., New York Samuel L. Warner, Connecticut Henry D. Washburn, Indiana William B. Washburn, Massachusetts Elihu B. Washburne, Illinois (U.S. state) Martin Welker, Ohio John Wentworth, Illinois (U.S. state) Thomas Williams, Pennsylvania James F. Wilson, Iowa Stephen F. Wilson, Pennsylvania William Windom, Minnesota Frederick E. Woodbridge, Vermont

Independent Republican

John R. Kelso, Missouri

Unconditional Unionist

A-F Samuel M. Arnell, Tennessee

G-O Chester D. Hubbard, West Virginia George R. Latham, West Virginia Samuel McKee, Kentucky

P-Z Charles E. Phelps, Maryland William H. Randall, Kentucky Lovell H. Rousseau, Kentucky Green C. Smith, Kentucky . William B. Stokes, Tennessee Francis Thomas, Maryland John L. Thomas, Jr., Maryland Edwin H. Webster, Maryland Kellian V. Whaley, West Virginia

Unionist

William B. Campbell, Tennessee Edmund Cooper, Tennessee Isaac R. Hawkins, Tennessee John W. Leftwich, Tennessee Nathaniel G. Taylor, Tennessee

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate replacements: 7 Democratic: 2 seat net loss Republican: 2 seat net gain deaths: resignations: vacancy: Total seats with changes:

House of Representatives replacements: 6 Democratic: 2 seat net gain Republican: 1 seat net loss Unconditional Unionist: 1 seat net loss deaths: resignations: contested election: Total seats with changes:

Officers

Senate Secretary of the Senate: John W. Forney of Pennsylvania elected July 15, 1861 Sergeant at Arms of the Senate: George T. Brown of Illinois (U.S. state), elected July 6, 1861 Chaplain of the Senate The Rev. Edgar H. Gray Baptist, elected March 9, 1865 Other Architect of the Capitol: Thomas U. Walter, appointed June 11, 1851, resigned May 26, 1865 Edward Clark, appointed August 30, 1865

House of Representatives Clerk of the House: Edward McPherson of Pennsylvania, elected December 4, 1865 Sergeant at Arms of the House: Nehemiah G. Ordway of New Hampshire, elected December 4, 1865 Doorkeeper of the House: Ira Goodnow of New York, elected December 4, 1865 Postmaster of the House: Joshua Given of Ohio, elected December 4, 1865 Messenger to the Speaker: William D. Todd Chaplain of the House The Rev. Charles B. Boynton, Congregationalist, elected December 4, 1865